# Load packages
import numpy as np # The 'numpy' package is needed for matrix operations and calculations
import pandas as pd # The 'pandas' package helps us to import and manage data
import math as math # Math package for data cleaning
from scipy import stats # Import scipy.package for confidence intervals
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler # Import the package for standardizing data
import D47calib as D47c # Import the package for treating clumped isotope data by Daëron and Vermeesch (2023; https://github.com/mdaeron/D47calib)
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt # The 'matplotlib' package contains tools needed to plot our data and results
import seaborn as sns # The 'seaborn' package is used to make our plots look nicer (e.g. enable heatmaps)
import warnings # The 'warnings' package is used to suppress warnings that might occur during the calculations
%matplotlib inline

# Load model SST data as prior and show data structure
IPCC_Atlas_SST = pd.read_csv('Modern case/SSTdat.csv')  # Load the data into Python and in the Jupyter environment.
# Pivot the data to have months as columns and grid cells (lat, lon) as rows
IPCC_Atlas_SST = IPCC_Atlas_SST.pivot(index=['lat', 'lon'], columns='month', values='tos').reset_index()
# Rename months to two-letter codes
month_mapping = {
    'January': 'ja', 'February': 'fb', 'March': 'mr', 'April': 'ar', 'May': 'my', 
    'June': 'jn', 'July': 'jl', 'August': 'ag', 'September': 'sp', 'October': 'ot', 
    'November': 'nv', 'December': 'dc'
}
IPCC_Atlas_SST.rename(columns=month_mapping, inplace=True) # Rename the columns to two-letter codes for months
IPCC_Atlas_SST.head()

# Load model SAT data as prior and show data structure
IPCC_Atlas_SAT = pd.read_csv('Modern case/SATdat.csv')  # Load the data into Python and in the Jupyter environment.
# Pivot the data to have months as columns and grid cells (lat, lon) as rows
IPCC_Atlas_SAT = IPCC_Atlas_SAT.pivot(index=['lat', 'lon'], columns='month', values='tas').reset_index()
# Rename months to two-letter codes
month_mapping = {
    'January': 'ja', 'February': 'fb', 'March': 'mr', 'April': 'ar', 'May': 'my', 
    'June': 'jn', 'July': 'jl', 'August': 'ag', 'September': 'sp', 'October': 'ot', 
    'November': 'nv', 'December': 'dc'
}
IPCC_Atlas_SAT.rename(columns=month_mapping, inplace=True) # Rename the columns to two-letter codes for months
IPCC_Atlas_SAT.head()

# Load ESA SSS data as prior and show data structure
ESA_SSS = pd.read_csv('Modern case/SSS_Panama_all.csv')  # Load the data into Python and in the Jupyter environment.
# Convert 'timeseries' column to datetime
ESA_SSS['date'] = pd.to_datetime(ESA_SSS['date'], format='%Y%m%d')
# Rename longitude and latitude columns to 'lon' and 'lat'
ESA_SSS = ESA_SSS.rename(columns={'longitude': 'lon', 'latitude': 'lat'})

# Extract month as two-letter code
month_abbr = ['ja', 'fb', 'mr', 'ar', 'my', 'jn', 'jl', 'ag', 'sp', 'ot', 'nv', 'dc']
ESA_SSS['month'] = ESA_SSS['date'].dt.month.apply(lambda x: month_abbr[x-1])

# Group by lat, lon, and month, then calculate the mean salinity for each group
ESA_SSS = ESA_SSS.groupby(['lat', 'lon', 'month'], as_index=False)['salinity'].mean()

# Pivot to make one column per month, keeping all data
ESA_SSS = ESA_SSS.pivot(index=['lat', 'lon'], columns='month', values='salinity').reset_index()

ESA_SSS.head()

# Load model precip data as prior and show data structure
IPCC_Atlas_precip = pd.read_csv('Modern case/precipdat.csv')  # Load the data into Python and in the Jupyter environment.
# Pivot the data to have months as columns and grid cells (lat, lon) as rows
IPCC_Atlas_precip = IPCC_Atlas_precip.pivot(index=['lat', 'lon'], columns='month', values='pr').reset_index()
# Rename months to two-letter codes
month_mapping = {
    'January': 'ja', 'February': 'fb', 'March': 'mr', 'April': 'ar', 'May': 'my', 
    'June': 'jn', 'July': 'jl', 'August': 'ag', 'September': 'sp', 'October': 'ot', 
    'November': 'nv', 'December': 'dc'
}
IPCC_Atlas_precip.rename(columns=month_mapping, inplace=True) # Rename the columns to two-letter codes for months
IPCC_Atlas_precip.head()

# Merge the datasets of SST, SAT, SSS, and precipitation, force suffixes to be added to the column names
IPCC_Atlas = pd.merge(
    IPCC_Atlas_SST.rename(columns={c: c + '_SST' for c in IPCC_Atlas_SST.columns if c not in ['lat', 'lon']}),
    IPCC_Atlas_SAT.rename(columns={c: c + '_SAT' for c in IPCC_Atlas_SAT.columns if c not in ['lat', 'lon']}),
    on=['lat', 'lon'],
    how='outer'
)

IPCC_Atlas = pd.merge(
    IPCC_Atlas,
    ESA_SSS.rename(columns={c: c + '_SSS' for c in ESA_SSS.columns if c not in ['lat', 'lon']}),
    on=['lat', 'lon'],
    how='outer'
)

IPCC_Atlas = pd.merge(
    IPCC_Atlas,
    IPCC_Atlas_precip.rename(columns={c: c + '_precip' for c in IPCC_Atlas_precip.columns if c not in ['lat', 'lon']}),
    on=['lat', 'lon'],
    how='outer'
)

# Display the combined dataset
IPCC_Atlas.head()

# Create list of month names
months = ['ja', 'fb', 'mr', 'ar', 'my', 'jn', 'jl', 'ag', 'sp', 'ot', 'nv', 'dc']

# Prior SST, SAT, SSS & precipitation estimates from climate models (mean)
mu_prior_SAT_monthly = np.array(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SAT" for month in months]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))
mu_prior_SST_monthly = np.array(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SST" for month in months]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))
mu_prior_SSS_monthly = np.array(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SSS" for month in months]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))
mu_prior_precip_monthly = np.array(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_precip" for month in months]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))

# Covariance between months in prior SST, SAT, SSS, and precip estimates from climate models (covariance matrix)
cov_prior_SAT_monthly = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SAT" for month in months]].dropna(), rowvar=False)
cov_prior_SST_monthly = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SST" for month in months]].dropna(), rowvar=False)
cov_prior_SSS_monthly = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SSS" for month in months]].dropna(), rowvar=False)
cov_prior_precip_monthly = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_precip" for month in months]].dropna(), rowvar=False)

# Store copy of original prior means to keep when later updating the prior
mu_prior_SAT_monthly_original, cov_prior_SAT_monthly_original = mu_prior_SAT_monthly.copy(), cov_prior_SAT_monthly.copy()
mu_prior_SST_monthly_original, cov_prior_SST_monthly_original = mu_prior_SST_monthly.copy(), cov_prior_SST_monthly.copy()
mu_prior_SSS_monthly_original, cov_prior_SSS_monthly_original = mu_prior_SSS_monthly.copy(), cov_prior_SSS_monthly.copy()
mu_prior_precip_monthly_original, cov_prior_precip_monthly_original = mu_prior_precip_monthly.copy(), cov_prior_precip_monthly.copy()

# Extract the standard deviations (uncertainty) from the covariance matrix
std_prior_SAT_monthly = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SAT_monthly))
std_prior_SST_monthly = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SST_monthly))
std_prior_SSS_monthly = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SSS_monthly))
std_prior_precip_monthly = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_precip_monthly))

print("SAT Monthly Means:", mu_prior_SAT_monthly)
print("SAT Monthly Std Devs:", std_prior_SAT_monthly)
print("SST Monthly Means:", mu_prior_SST_monthly)
print("SST Monthly Std Devs:", std_prior_SST_monthly)
print("SSS Monthly Means:", mu_prior_SSS_monthly)
print("SSS Monthly Std Devs:", std_prior_SSS_monthly)
print("Precip Monthly Means:", mu_prior_precip_monthly)
print("Precip Monthly Std Devs:", std_prior_precip_monthly)

SAT Monthly Means: [26.19674833 26.2856926  26.61780667 26.9355932  26.83360707 26.53449047
 26.469068   26.5685366  26.55148913 26.3253362  26.23056327 26.30819593]
SAT Monthly Std Devs: [0.47312434 0.41409864 0.41961986 0.45581423 0.52380544 0.58817398
 0.60908107 0.63073153 0.65805864 0.67241717 0.66092167 0.57625065]
SST Monthly Means: [27.44732929 26.77931444 26.66707259 27.07042812 27.81826605 28.38219858
 28.62096962 28.7972226  29.09194208 29.15567638 28.99711452 28.42136266]
SST Monthly Std Devs: [0.38677244 0.81134486 1.05313182 1.09679318 1.00268654 0.70288835
 0.47347404 0.48010207 0.46942236 0.53116255 0.47287623 0.36093464]
SSS Monthly Means: [33.86770403 34.75316948 35.11282266 35.19246591 34.78473881 34.14922047
 33.78734812 33.57020955 33.2435436  33.29892228 32.98168314 32.88601062]
SSS Monthly Std Devs: [2.13464657 1.41668546 1.12193259 1.02012038 1.31459478 1.82557186
 2.08893127 2.28223783 2.53931182 2.71141655 2.92807009 2.78038782]
Precip Monthly Means: [ 0.95326442  0.66065841  0.75870658  1.84590803  6.33325375 10.838048
 11.84685843 11.9147063  11.8752223  10.88288037  8.05676985  3.13704099]
Precip Monthly Std Devs: [0.34180364 0.27108401 0.23717466 0.51316878 0.91770655 1.08071996
 1.1180354  1.19916169 1.19446726 1.14380572 0.86132612 0.62397088]

# Set dimensions of data
n_gridcells_monthly = len(IPCC_Atlas["lat"])  # Find the total number of models (use monthly data because monthly data has this column duplicated 3 times)

# Create a monthly scale for the x-axis
month_names = ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']  # List full month names
months_scale = np.arange(len(months)) + 1  # Create monthly scale

# Create the figure and axes
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(10, 12), sharex=True)

# Panel 1: Plot the prior distribution for SST and SAT
axes[0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SAT_monthly, label='Prior SAT Mean', marker='o', color='r')
axes[0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SST_monthly, label='Prior SST Mean', marker='o', color='b')

# Add 95% confidence intervals for SAT
axes[0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SAT_monthly - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SAT_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_SAT_monthly + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SAT_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    alpha=0.2, color='r', label='SAT 95% CI'
)

# Add 95% confidence intervals for SST
axes[0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_monthly - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SST_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_SST_monthly + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SST_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    alpha=0.2, color='b', label='SST 95% CI'
)

axes[0].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Monthly SST & SAT Values')
axes[0].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axes[0].legend()
axes[0].grid(True)

# Panel 2: Plot the prior distribution for SSS and precipitation
axes[1].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SSS_monthly, label='Prior SSS Mean', marker='o', color='g')
ax2 = axes[1].twinx()  # Create a secondary y-axis for precipitation
ax2.plot(months_scale, mu_prior_precip_monthly, label='Prior Precipitation Mean', marker='o', color='purple')

# Add 95% confidence intervals for SSS
axes[1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SSS_monthly - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SSS_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_SSS_monthly + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SSS_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    alpha=0.2, color='g', label='SSS 95% CI'
)

# Add 95% confidence intervals for precipitation
ax2.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_precip_monthly - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_precip_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_precip_monthly + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_precip_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    alpha=0.2, color='purple', label='Precipitation 95% CI'
)

axes[1].set_ylabel('SSS (psu)', color='g')
ax2.set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)', color='purple')
axes[1].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Monthly SSS & Precipitation Values')
axes[1].legend(loc='upper left')
ax2.legend(loc='upper right')
axes[1].grid(True)

# Update the x-axis with month names
axes[1].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[1].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")

[Text(1, 0, 'January'),
 Text(2, 0, 'February'),
 Text(3, 0, 'March'),
 Text(4, 0, 'April'),
 Text(5, 0, 'May'),
 Text(6, 0, 'June'),
 Text(7, 0, 'July'),
 Text(8, 0, 'August'),
 Text(9, 0, 'September'),
 Text(10, 0, 'October'),
 Text(11, 0, 'November'),
 Text(12, 0, 'December')]

# Apply T47()-function from the D47calib package to all SST columns
# Identify the SST and SAT columns separately
SST_columns = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas.columns if col.endswith('_SST')]
SAT_columns = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas.columns if col.endswith('_SAT')]

# Apply the conversion function to the SST and SAT columns and add new columns for D47 and D47_SE
for col in SST_columns:
    base_col_name = col.replace('_SST', '') # Remove the '_SST' suffix from the column name
    IPCC_Atlas[f'{base_col_name}_SST_D47'], IPCC_Atlas[f'{base_col_name}_SST_D47_SE'] = zip(*IPCC_Atlas[col].apply(
        lambda x: D47c.OGLS23.T47(T = x) if not pd.isna(x) else (np.nan, np.nan)
    )) # Use zip() to unpack the tuple returned by the apply() method and apply the T47()-function to each value in the column
for col in SAT_columns:
    base_col_name = col.replace('_SAT', '') # Remove the '_SST' suffix from the column name
    IPCC_Atlas[f'{base_col_name}_SAT_D47'], IPCC_Atlas[f'{base_col_name}_SAT_D47_SE'] = zip(*IPCC_Atlas[col].apply(
        lambda x: D47c.OGLS23.T47(T = x) if not pd.isna(x) else (np.nan, np.nan)
    )) # Use zip() to unpack the tuple returned by the apply() method and apply the T47()-function to each value in the column

# Display the combined data with D47 and D47_SE columns
D47_columns = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas.columns if col.endswith('_D47')]
D47_se_columns = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas.columns if '_D47_SE' in col]
print("D47 values for all grid cells:\n", IPCC_Atlas[D47_columns].head())
print("Calibration standard errors for all grid cells:\n", IPCC_Atlas[D47_se_columns].head())

D47 values for all grid cells:
 month  ar_SST_D47  ag_SST_D47  dc_SST_D47  fb_SST_D47  ja_SST_D47  jl_SST_D47  \
0             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN   
1             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN   
2             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN   
3             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN   
4             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN   

month  jn_SST_D47  mr_SST_D47  my_SST_D47  nv_SST_D47  ...  dc_SAT_D47  \
0             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN  ...         NaN   
1             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN  ...         NaN   
2             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN  ...         NaN   
3             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN  ...         NaN   
4             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN  ...         NaN   

month  fb_SAT_D47  ja_SAT_D47  jl_SAT_D47  jn_SAT_D47  mr_SAT_D47  my_SAT_D47  \
0             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN   
1             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN   
2             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN   
3             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN   
4             NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN         NaN   

month  nv_SAT_D47  ot_SAT_D47  sp_SAT_D47  
0             NaN         NaN         NaN  
1             NaN         NaN         NaN  
2             NaN         NaN         NaN  
3             NaN         NaN         NaN  
4             NaN         NaN         NaN  

[5 rows x 24 columns]
Calibration standard errors for all grid cells:
 month  ar_SST_D47_SE  ag_SST_D47_SE  dc_SST_D47_SE  fb_SST_D47_SE  \
0                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
1                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
2                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
3                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
4                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   

month  ja_SST_D47_SE  jl_SST_D47_SE  jn_SST_D47_SE  mr_SST_D47_SE  \
0                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
1                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
2                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
3                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
4                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   

month  my_SST_D47_SE  nv_SST_D47_SE  ...  dc_SAT_D47_SE  fb_SAT_D47_SE  \
0                NaN            NaN  ...            NaN            NaN   
1                NaN            NaN  ...            NaN            NaN   
2                NaN            NaN  ...            NaN            NaN   
3                NaN            NaN  ...            NaN            NaN   
4                NaN            NaN  ...            NaN            NaN   

month  ja_SAT_D47_SE  jl_SAT_D47_SE  jn_SAT_D47_SE  mr_SAT_D47_SE  \
0                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
1                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
2                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
3                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   
4                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN   

month  my_SAT_D47_SE  nv_SAT_D47_SE  ot_SAT_D47_SE  sp_SAT_D47_SE  
0                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  
1                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  
2                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  
3                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  
4                NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN  

[5 rows x 24 columns]

# Apply the d18Ow-SSS function from Graniero et al. (2017) to all SSS columns
# Identify the SSS columns
SSS_columns = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas.columns if col.endswith('_SSS')]

# Apply the conversion function to the SSS columns and add new columns for d18Ow and d18Ow_SE
for col in SSS_columns:
    base_col_name = col.replace('_SSS', '')  # Remove the '_SSS' suffix from the column name
    IPCC_Atlas[f'{base_col_name}_SSS_d18Ow'] = IPCC_Atlas[col].apply(
        lambda x: -7.89 + 0.23 * x if not pd.isna(x) else np.nan  # Calculate d18Ow
    )

# Display the combined data with d18Ow and d18Ow_SE columns
d18Ow_columns = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas.columns if col.endswith('_d18Ow')]
print("d18Ow values for all model outcomes:\n", IPCC_Atlas[d18Ow_columns].head())

d18Ow values for all model outcomes:
 month  ag_SSS_d18Ow  ar_SSS_d18Ow  dc_SSS_d18Ow  fb_SSS_d18Ow  ja_SSS_d18Ow  \
0         -0.728678     -0.161517     -1.180877     -0.524737     -0.893698   
1         -0.863999     -0.125709     -1.134712     -0.257661     -0.677754   
2         -0.865206     -0.100452     -1.140716     -0.267912     -0.661618   
3         -0.900090     -0.153454     -1.186732     -0.361986     -0.758036   
4         -0.876570     -0.166969     -1.214816     -0.495263     -0.867142   

month  jl_SSS_d18Ow  jn_SSS_d18Ow  mr_SSS_d18Ow  my_SSS_d18Ow  nv_SSS_d18Ow  \
0         -0.626223     -0.455445     -0.282250     -0.290629     -1.098004   
1         -0.780628     -0.554786     -0.153446     -0.284138     -1.142697   
2         -0.759019     -0.560085     -0.149084     -0.296830     -1.136916   
3         -0.759453     -0.596675     -0.208264     -0.351537     -1.159595   
4         -0.742749     -0.625339     -0.253504     -0.333547     -1.192253   

month  ot_SSS_d18Ow  sp_SSS_d18Ow  
0         -0.846874     -0.836951  
1         -1.014937     -1.015498  
2         -1.029623     -0.985424  
3         -1.054012     -1.043840  
4         -1.079032     -1.063513

# Iterate over each model and calculate d18Oc values
for index, row in IPCC_Atlas.iterrows():
    # Iterate over each month
    for month in months:
        SST = row[f"{month}_SST"]
        d18Ow = row[f"{month}_SSS_d18Ow"]
        if not pd.isna(SST) and not pd.isna(d18Ow):
            d18Oc = (20.6 - SST) / 4.34 + (d18Ow - 0.27)
        else:
            d18Oc = np.nan
        # Add the calculated d18Oc value to the DataFrame
        IPCC_Atlas.loc[index, f"{month}_d18Oc"] = d18Oc

# Display the updated DataFrame
IPCC_Atlas.head()

# Set the weights of the data based on the standard errors
weights_monthly_SST_D47 = 1 / IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SST_D47_SE" for month in months]] ** 2
weights_monthly_SAT_D47 = 1 / IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SAT_D47_SE" for month in months]] ** 2

# Change the column suffixes from "_D47_SE" to "_D47" in weights_monthly_SST_D47 to match the headers of the D47 matrix later for multiplication
weights_monthly_SST_D47.columns = [col.replace('_SST_D47_SE', '_SST_D47') for col in weights_monthly_SST_D47.columns]
weights_monthly_SAT_D47.columns = [col.replace('_SAT_D47_SE', '_SAT_D47') for col in weights_monthly_SAT_D47.columns]

# Prior D47 estimates from climate models (weighted mean)
mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly = np.array((IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SST_D47" for month in months]] * weights_monthly_SST_D47).sum(axis = 0, skipna = True) / weights_monthly_SST_D47.sum(axis = 0, skipna = True)) # Calculate weighted monthly mean D47 values and convert to numpy array
mu_prior_SAT_D47_monthly = np.array((IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SAT_D47" for month in months]] * weights_monthly_SAT_D47).sum(axis = 0, skipna = True) / weights_monthly_SAT_D47.sum(axis = 0, skipna = True)) # Calculate weighted monthly mean D47 values and convert to numpy array

# Calculate simple (unweighted) mean for monthly d18Ow values
mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly = np.array(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SSS_d18Ow" for month in months]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))
mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly = np.array(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_d18Oc" for month in months]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))

# Decompose variance within and between model outcomes
model_variances_SST = IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SST_D47" for month in months]].var(axis = 0, ddof = 1)  # Compute variance across models
model_variances_SAT = IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SAT_D47" for month in months]].var(axis = 0, ddof = 1)  # Compute variance across models
model_variances_d18Ow = IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SSS_d18Ow" for month in months]].var(axis = 0, ddof = 1)  # Compute variance across models
model_variances_d18Oc = IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_d18Oc" for month in months]].var(axis = 0, ddof = 1)  # Compute variance across models
measurement_variances_SST = (IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SST_D47_SE" for month in months]] ** 2).mean(axis = 0, skipna = True)  # Compute variance on measurements
measurement_variances_SAT = (IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SAT_D47_SE" for month in months]] ** 2).mean(axis = 0, skipna = True)  # Compute variance on measurements

# Covariance between months in prior D47 estimates from climate models (weighted covariance matrix)
cov_raw_monthly_SST = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SST_D47" for month in months]].dropna(), rowvar = False)  # Compute the covariance matrix for the raw data (without measurement uncertainty)
cov_raw_monthly_SAT = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SAT_D47" for month in months]].dropna(), rowvar = False)  # Compute the covariance matrix for the raw data (without measurement uncertainty)
cov_raw_monthly_d18Ow = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_SSS_d18Ow" for month in months]].dropna(), rowvar = False)  # Compute the covariance matrix for the raw data (without measurement uncertainty)
cov_raw_monthly_d18Oc = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas[[f"{month}_d18Oc" for month in months]].dropna(), rowvar = False)  # Compute the covariance matrix for the raw data (without measurement uncertainty)
cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly = cov_raw_monthly_SST.copy() # Copy covariance matrix to add uncertainty coming from the measurements
cov_prior_SAT_D47_monthly = cov_raw_monthly_SAT.copy() # Copy covariance matrix to add uncertainty coming from the measurements
np.fill_diagonal(cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly, np.diagonal(cov_raw_monthly_SST) + measurement_variances_SST)  # Add diagonal terms for measurement uncertainties (which have no covariance between models)
np.fill_diagonal(cov_prior_SAT_D47_monthly, np.diagonal(cov_raw_monthly_SAT) + measurement_variances_SAT)  # Add diagonal terms for measurement uncertainties (which have no covariance between models)

# Store copy of original prior means to keep when later updating the prior
mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original, cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original = mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly.copy(), cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly.copy()
mu_prior_SAT_D47_monthly_original, cov_prior_SAT_D47_monthly_original = mu_prior_SAT_D47_monthly.copy(), cov_prior_SAT_D47_monthly.copy()
mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_original, cov_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_original = mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly.copy(), cov_raw_monthly_d18Ow.copy()
mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original, cov_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original = mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly.copy(), cov_raw_monthly_d18Oc.copy()

# Extract the standard deviations (uncertainty) from the covariance matrix
std_prior_SST_D47_monthly = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly))
std_prior_SAT_D47_monthly = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SAT_D47_monthly))
std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_raw_monthly_d18Ow))
std_prior_d18Oc_monthly = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_raw_monthly_d18Oc))

# Print the results
print("Prior D47 estimates from SST in climate models (weighted mean):")
print(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly)
print("Prior D47 estimates from SST in climate models (weighted covariance matrix):")
print(std_prior_SST_D47_monthly)
print("Prior D47 estimates from SAT in climate models (weighted mean):")
print(mu_prior_SAT_D47_monthly)
print("Prior D47 estimates from SAT in climate models (weighted covariance matrix):")
print(std_prior_SAT_D47_monthly)
print("Prior d18Ow estimates from SSS in climate models (weighted mean):")
print(mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly)
print("Prior d18Ow estimates from SSS in climate models (weighted covariance matrix):")
print(std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly)
print("Prior d18Oc estimates from SST and d18Ow in climate models (weighted mean):")
print(mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly)
print("Prior d18Oc estimates from SST and d18Ow in climate models (weighted covariance matrix):")
print(std_prior_d18Oc_monthly)

Prior D47 estimates from SST in climate models (weighted mean):
[0.58611136 0.58807854 0.58840607 0.58721478 0.58502217 0.58337762
 0.5826824  0.58217063 0.58131734 0.58113373 0.58159202 0.58326221]
Prior D47 estimates from SST in climate models (weighted covariance matrix):
[0.00154225 0.00262358 0.0033056  0.00341755 0.00312591 0.00229783
 0.00172489 0.00174205 0.00171518 0.00185845 0.00171988 0.00147969]
Prior D47 estimates from SAT in climate models (weighted mean):
[0.58980992 0.58954575 0.58855954 0.5876189  0.58791991 0.58880551
 0.58899953 0.58870432 0.58875453 0.58942555 0.5897075  0.5894774 ]
Prior D47 estimates from SAT in climate models (weighted covariance matrix):
[0.0017582  0.00161882 0.00162767 0.00170748 0.0018731  0.00203748
 0.00209141 0.00214556 0.00221785 0.00226071 0.00223188 0.00201213]
Prior d18Ow estimates from SSS in climate models (weighted mean):
[-0.10042807  0.10322898  0.18594921  0.20426716  0.11048993 -0.03567929
 -0.11890993 -0.1688518  -0.24398497 -0.23124787 -0.30421288 -0.32621756]
Prior d18Ow estimates from SSS in climate models (weighted covariance matrix):
[0.49096871 0.32583766 0.2580445  0.23462769 0.3023568  0.41988153
 0.48045419 0.5249147  0.58404172 0.62362581 0.67345612 0.6394892 ]
Prior d18Oc estimates from SST and d18Ow in climate models (weighted mean):
[-1.95787003 -1.5929411  -1.49687212 -1.60639746 -1.90764064 -2.19200209
 -2.28266267 -2.37382168 -2.50360225 -2.48622504 -2.48845958 -2.38641423]
Prior d18Oc estimates from SST and d18Ow in climate models (weighted covariance matrix):
[0.50552615 0.19738006 0.12129099 0.17562018 0.33880762 0.4946401
 0.57701361 0.60783166 0.60743431 0.61074591 0.70430673 0.73728707]

# Plot monthly prior distribution
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(15, 12))  # Adjust the figure to have 2x2 grid

# Plot the prior distribution for SST
axes[0, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly, label='Prior SST Mean', color='b', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].fill_between(months_scale,
                        mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SST_D47_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
                        mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SST_D47_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
                        color='b', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval')
axes[0, 0].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[0, 0].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[0, 0].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Monthly SST D47 values')
axes[0, 0].set_xlabel('Month')
axes[0, 0].set_ylabel('D47 value')
axes[0, 0].legend()
axes[0, 0].grid(True)

# Plot the prior distribution for SAT
axes[0, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SAT_D47_monthly, label='Prior SAT Mean', color='r', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].fill_between(months_scale,
                        mu_prior_SAT_D47_monthly - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SAT_D47_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
                        mu_prior_SAT_D47_monthly + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SAT_D47_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
                        color='r', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval')
axes[0, 1].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[0, 1].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[0, 1].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Monthly SAT D47 values')
axes[0, 1].set_xlabel('Month')
axes[0, 1].set_ylabel('D47 value')
axes[0, 1].legend()
axes[0, 1].grid(True)

# Plot the prior distribution for d18Oc
axes[1, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly, label='Prior d18Oc Mean', color='purple', marker='o')
axes[1, 0].fill_between(months_scale,
                        mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_d18Oc_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
                        mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_d18Oc_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
                        color='purple', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval')
axes[1, 0].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[1, 0].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[1, 0].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Monthly d18Oc values')
axes[1, 0].set_xlabel('Month')
axes[1, 0].set_ylabel('d18Oc value')
axes[1, 0].legend()
axes[1, 0].grid(True)

# Plot the prior distribution for precipitation
axes[1, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_precip_monthly, label='Prior Precipitation Mean', color='teal', marker='o')
axes[1, 1].fill_between(months_scale,
                        mu_prior_precip_monthly - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_precip_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
                        mu_prior_precip_monthly + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_precip_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
                        color='teal', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval')
axes[1, 1].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[1, 1].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[1, 1].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Monthly Precipitation values')
axes[1, 1].set_xlabel('Month')
axes[1, 1].set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)')
axes[1, 1].legend()
axes[1, 1].grid(True)

# Update the layout and show the plot
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Define column names for SAT, SST, d18Oc, and precipitation
SAT_D47_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_SAT_D47" for month in months]
SST_D47_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_SST_D47" for month in months]
d18Oc_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_d18Oc" for month in months]
precip_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_precip" for month in months]

# Extract the relevant columns for SAT, SST D47, d18Oc, and precipitation
SAT_D47_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_SAT_D47" for month in months]
SST_D47_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_SST_D47" for month in months]
d18Oc_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_d18Oc" for month in months]
precip_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_precip" for month in months]

# Combine the relevant columns into a single dataframe
combined_data_monthly = IPCC_Atlas[SAT_D47_columns_monthly + SST_D47_columns_monthly + d18Oc_columns_monthly + precip_columns_monthly]

# Calculate the covariance matrix for the combined data
cov_combined_monthly = np.cov(combined_data_monthly.dropna(), rowvar=False)

# Plot the heatmap of the raw combined covariance matrix
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
sns.heatmap(
    cov_combined_monthly,  # Use the raw covariance matrix
    annot=False,
    fmt=".2f",
    cmap="coolwarm",
    center=0,
    xticklabels=SAT_D47_columns_monthly + SST_D47_columns_monthly + d18Oc_columns_monthly + precip_columns_monthly,
    yticklabels=SAT_D47_columns_monthly + SST_D47_columns_monthly + d18Oc_columns_monthly + precip_columns_monthly
)

# Add titles to the axes per parameter
plt.axvline(x=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axvline(x=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axvline(x=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)

plt.axhline(y=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axhline(y=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axhline(y=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)

# Add parameter labels
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) / 2, -2, 'D47 value from SAT', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) / 2, -2, 'D47 value from SST', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly) / 2, -2, 'd18Oc', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly) + len(precip_columns_monthly) / 2, -2, 'Precipitation', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)

plt.text(-2, len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) / 2, 'D47 value from SAT', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)
plt.text(-2, len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) / 2, 'D47 value from SST', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)
plt.text(-2, len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly) / 2, 'd18Oc', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)
plt.text(-2, len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly) + len(precip_columns_monthly) / 2, 'Precipitation', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)

plt.title("Raw Combined Covariance Matrix")
plt.show()

# Normalize each submatrix independently for better visualization
def normalize_matrix(matrix):
    min_val = np.min(matrix)
    max_val = np.max(matrix)
    return (matrix - min_val) / (max_val - min_val)

# Extract the relevant columns for SAT, SST D47, d18Oc, and precipitation
SAT_D47_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_SAT_D47" for month in months]
SST_D47_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_SST_D47" for month in months]
d18Oc_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_d18Oc" for month in months]
precip_columns_monthly = [f"{month}_precip" for month in months]

# Combine the relevant columns into a single dataframe
combined_data_monthly = IPCC_Atlas[SAT_D47_columns_monthly + SST_D47_columns_monthly + d18Oc_columns_monthly + precip_columns_monthly]

# Calculate the covariance matrix for the combined data
cov_combined_monthly = np.cov(combined_data_monthly.dropna(), rowvar=False)

# Extract the covariance matrices for SAT D47, SST D47, d18Oc, and precipitation
cov_SAT_D47_monthly = cov_combined_monthly[:len(months), :len(months)]
cov_SST_D47_monthly = cov_combined_monthly[len(months):2*len(months), len(months):2*len(months)]
cov_d18Oc_monthly = cov_combined_monthly[2*len(months):3*len(months), 2*len(months):3*len(months)]
cov_precip_monthly = cov_combined_monthly[3*len(months):, 3*len(months):]

# Extract the cross-covariance matrices
cross_cov_SAT_SST_D47_monthly = cov_combined_monthly[:len(months), len(months):2*len(months)]
cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_monthly = cov_combined_monthly[:len(months), 2*len(months):3*len(months)]
cross_cov_SAT_precip_monthly = cov_combined_monthly[:len(months), 3*len(months):]
cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_monthly = cov_combined_monthly[len(months):2*len(months), 2*len(months):3*len(months)]
cross_cov_SST_precip_monthly = cov_combined_monthly[len(months):2*len(months), 3*len(months):]
cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_monthly = cov_combined_monthly[2*len(months):3*len(months), 3*len(months):]

# Normalize each submatrix
normalized_cov_SAT_D47_monthly = normalize_matrix(cov_SAT_D47_monthly)
normalized_cov_SST_D47_monthly = normalize_matrix(cov_SST_D47_monthly)
normalized_cov_d18Oc_monthly = normalize_matrix(cov_d18Oc_monthly)
normalized_cov_precip_monthly = normalize_matrix(cov_precip_monthly)

# Normalize each cross-covariance matrix
normalized_cross_cov_SAT_SST_D47_monthly = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_SAT_SST_D47_monthly)
normalized_cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_monthly = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_monthly)
normalized_cross_cov_SAT_precip_monthly = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_SAT_precip_monthly)
normalized_cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_monthly = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_monthly)
normalized_cross_cov_SST_precip_monthly = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_SST_precip_monthly)
normalized_cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_monthly = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_monthly)

# Combine the normalized submatrices into a single normalized covariance matrix
normalized_cov_combined_monthly = np.block([
    [normalized_cov_SAT_D47_monthly, normalized_cross_cov_SAT_SST_D47_monthly, normalized_cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_monthly, normalized_cross_cov_SAT_precip_monthly],
    [normalized_cross_cov_SAT_SST_D47_monthly.T, normalized_cov_SST_D47_monthly, normalized_cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_monthly, normalized_cross_cov_SST_precip_monthly],
    [normalized_cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_monthly.T, normalized_cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_monthly.T, normalized_cov_d18Oc_monthly, normalized_cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_monthly],
    [normalized_cross_cov_SAT_precip_monthly.T, normalized_cross_cov_SST_precip_monthly.T, normalized_cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_monthly.T, normalized_cov_precip_monthly]
])

# Plot the heatmap of the normalized combined covariance matrix
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
sns.heatmap(
    normalized_cov_combined_monthly,
    annot=False,
    fmt=".2f",
    cmap="coolwarm",
    center=0,
    xticklabels=SAT_D47_columns_monthly + SST_D47_columns_monthly + d18Oc_columns_monthly + precip_columns_monthly,
    yticklabels=SAT_D47_columns_monthly + SST_D47_columns_monthly + d18Oc_columns_monthly + precip_columns_monthly
)

# Add titles to the axes per parameter
plt.axvline(x=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axvline(x=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axvline(x=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)

plt.axhline(y=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axhline(y=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axhline(y=len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)

# Add parameter labels
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) / 2, -2, 'D47 value from SAT', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) / 2, -2, 'D47 value from SST', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly) / 2, -2, 'd18Oc', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly) + len(precip_columns_monthly) / 2, -2, 'Precipitation', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)

plt.text(-7, len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) / 2, 'D47 value from SAT', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)
plt.text(-7, len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) / 2, 'D47 value from SST', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)
plt.text(-7, len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly) / 2, 'd18Oc', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)
plt.text(-7, len(SAT_D47_columns_monthly) + len(SST_D47_columns_monthly) + len(d18Oc_columns_monthly) + len(precip_columns_monthly) / 2, 'Precipitation', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)

plt.title("Normalized Combined Covariance Matrix")
plt.show()

# Combine the prior means of D47 and SAT into a single state vector
mu_prior_monthly_combined = np.concatenate((mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly, mu_prior_SAT_D47_monthly, mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly, mu_prior_precip_monthly))

# Combine the covariance matrices of D47 values of SST and SAT, including the cross-covariance
cov_prior_monthly_combined = cov_combined_monthly.copy()

# Define the seasons
seasons = {
    "winter": ["dc", "ja", "fb"],
    "spring": ["mr", "ar", "my"],
    "summer": ["jn", "jl", "ag"],
    "autumn": ["sp", "ot", "nv"],
}

# Stack monthly columns to create seasonal dataframes
# Initialize dictionaries to store seasonal data
IPCC_Atlas_seasonal_dict = {}

# Identify the columns to process (all except the modelname column)
columns_to_process = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas.columns if any(suffix in col for suffix in [
    '_SST', '_SAT', '_SST_D47', '_SST_D47_SE', '_SAT_D47', '_SAT_D47_SE',
    '_SSS', '_d18Oc', '_precip'
])]

# Process each season
for season, months in seasons.items():  # Iterate over the seasons and corresponding months
    for col in columns_to_process:  # Iterate over the columns to process
        base_col_name = col.split('_')[0]  # Extract the base column name
        suffix = '_'.join(col.split('_')[1:])  # Extract the suffix
        if base_col_name in months:  # Check if the column corresponds to the current season
            season_col_name = f"{season}_{suffix}"  # Create the new column name
            if season_col_name not in IPCC_Atlas_seasonal_dict:  # Check if the new column name already exists in the seasonal data
                IPCC_Atlas_seasonal_dict[season_col_name] = []  # If not, initialize a new column in the seasonal data means
            IPCC_Atlas_seasonal_dict[season_col_name].append(IPCC_Atlas[col])

# Combine the seasonal data into a single dataframe
IPCC_Atlas_seasonal = pd.DataFrame()
for season_col_name, data in IPCC_Atlas_seasonal_dict.items():
    # Concatenate the data for each season and reshape it properly
    concatenated_data = pd.concat(data, axis=0).reset_index(drop=True)
    IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[season_col_name] = concatenated_data

# Add model names
IPCC_Atlas_seasonal["lat"] = np.tile(IPCC_Atlas["lat"].values, 3)  # Repeat the model names for each season
IPCC_Atlas_seasonal["lon"] = np.tile(IPCC_Atlas["lon"].values, 3)  # Repeat the model names for each season

# Display the new seasonal DataFrame
D47_columns_seasonal = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas_seasonal.columns if col.endswith('_D47')]
D47_se_columns_seasonal = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas_seasonal.columns if '_D47_SE' in col]
SSS_columns_seasonal = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas_seasonal.columns if col.endswith('_SSS')]
d18Oc_columns_seasonal = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas_seasonal.columns if col.endswith('_d18Oc')]
precip_columns_seasonal = [col for col in IPCC_Atlas_seasonal.columns if col.endswith('_precip')]

print("Seasonal D47 values for all SST model outcomes:\n", IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[D47_columns_seasonal].head())
print("Calibration standard errors for all SST model outcomes:\n", IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[D47_se_columns_seasonal].head())
print("Seasonal SSS values for all model outcomes:\n", IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[SSS_columns_seasonal].head())
print("Seasonal d18Oc values for all model outcomes:\n", IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[d18Oc_columns_seasonal].head())
print("Seasonal precipitation values for all model outcomes:\n", IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[precip_columns_seasonal].head())

Seasonal D47 values for all SST model outcomes:
    winter_SST_D47  winter_SAT_D47  spring_SST_D47  spring_SAT_D47  \
0             NaN             NaN             NaN             NaN   
1             NaN             NaN             NaN             NaN   
2             NaN             NaN             NaN             NaN   
3             NaN             NaN             NaN             NaN   
4             NaN             NaN             NaN             NaN   

   summer_SST_D47  summer_SAT_D47  autumn_SST_D47  autumn_SAT_D47  
0             NaN             NaN             NaN             NaN  
1             NaN             NaN             NaN             NaN  
2             NaN             NaN             NaN             NaN  
3             NaN             NaN             NaN             NaN  
4             NaN             NaN             NaN             NaN  
Calibration standard errors for all SST model outcomes:
    winter_SST_D47_SE  winter_SAT_D47_SE  spring_SST_D47_SE  spring_SAT_D47_SE  \
0                NaN                NaN                NaN                NaN   
1                NaN                NaN                NaN                NaN   
2                NaN                NaN                NaN                NaN   
3                NaN                NaN                NaN                NaN   
4                NaN                NaN                NaN                NaN   

   summer_SST_D47_SE  summer_SAT_D47_SE  autumn_SST_D47_SE  autumn_SAT_D47_SE  
0                NaN                NaN                NaN                NaN  
1                NaN                NaN                NaN                NaN  
2                NaN                NaN                NaN                NaN  
3                NaN                NaN                NaN                NaN  
4                NaN                NaN                NaN                NaN  
Seasonal SSS values for all model outcomes:
    winter_SSS  spring_SSS  summer_SSS  autumn_SSS
0   29.170102   33.602102   31.136181   29.530418
1   29.370818   33.757785   30.547831   29.336099
2   29.344715   33.867599   30.542582   29.361235
3   29.144642   33.637158   30.390912   29.262633
4   29.022538   33.578397   30.493174   29.120639
Seasonal d18Oc values for all model outcomes:
    winter_d18Oc  spring_d18Oc  summer_d18Oc  autumn_d18Oc
0           NaN           NaN           NaN           NaN
1           NaN           NaN           NaN           NaN
2           NaN           NaN           NaN           NaN
3           NaN           NaN           NaN           NaN
4           NaN           NaN           NaN           NaN
Seasonal precipitation values for all model outcomes:
    winter_precip  spring_precip  summer_precip  autumn_precip
0            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN
1            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN
2            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN
3            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN
4            NaN            NaN            NaN            NaN

# Prior estimates from climate models (mean)
mu_prior_SAT_seasonal = np.array(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SAT" for season in seasons]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))
mu_prior_SST_seasonal = np.array(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SST" for season in seasons]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))
mu_prior_SSS_seasonal = np.array(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SSS" for season in seasons]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))
mu_prior_precip_seasonal = np.array(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_precip" for season in seasons]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))

# Covariance between seasons in prior estimates from climate models (covariance matrix)
cov_prior_SAT_seasonal = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SAT" for season in seasons]].dropna(), rowvar=False)
cov_prior_SST_seasonal = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SST" for season in seasons]].dropna(), rowvar=False)
cov_prior_SSS_seasonal = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SSS" for season in seasons]].dropna(), rowvar=False)
cov_prior_precip_seasonal = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_precip" for season in seasons]].dropna(), rowvar=False)

# Store copy of original prior means to keep when later updating the prior
mu_prior_SAT_seasonal_original, cov_prior_SAT_seasonal_original = mu_prior_SAT_seasonal.copy(), cov_prior_SAT_seasonal.copy()
mu_prior_SST_seasonal_original, cov_prior_SST_seasonal_original = mu_prior_SST_seasonal.copy(), cov_prior_SST_seasonal.copy()
mu_prior_SSS_seasonal_original, cov_prior_SSS_seasonal_original = mu_prior_SSS_seasonal.copy(), cov_prior_SSS_seasonal.copy()
mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original, cov_prior_precip_seasonal_original = mu_prior_precip_seasonal.copy(), cov_prior_precip_seasonal.copy()

# Extract the standard deviations (uncertainty) from the covariance matrix
std_prior_SAT_seasonal = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SAT_seasonal))
std_prior_SST_seasonal = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SST_seasonal))
std_prior_SSS_seasonal = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SSS_seasonal))
std_prior_precip_seasonal = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_precip_seasonal))

# Print the results
print("SAT Seasonal Means:", mu_prior_SAT_seasonal)
print("SAT Seasonal Std Devs:", std_prior_SAT_seasonal)
print("SST Seasonal Means:", mu_prior_SST_seasonal)
print("SST Seasonal Std Devs:", std_prior_SST_seasonal)
print("SSS Seasonal Means:", mu_prior_SSS_seasonal)
print("SSS Seasonal Std Devs:", std_prior_SSS_seasonal)
print("Precipitation Seasonal Means:", mu_prior_precip_seasonal)
print("Precipitation Seasonal Std Devs:", std_prior_precip_seasonal)

SAT Seasonal Means: [26.26354562 26.79566898 26.52403169 26.36912953]
SAT Seasonal Std Devs: [0.48353899 0.47684737 0.59702245 0.66270196]
SST Seasonal Means: [27.54933547 27.18525559 28.60013027 29.08157766]
SST Seasonal Std Devs: [0.87357802 1.13352575 0.5748445  0.48432974]
SSS Seasonal Means: [33.83562805 35.03000912 33.83559272 33.17471634]
SSS Seasonal Std Devs: [2.29036665 1.15923662 2.06462247 2.70362567]
Precipitation Seasonal Means: [ 1.5836546   2.97928946 11.53320424 10.27162417]
Precipitation Seasonal Std Devs: [1.19706106 2.51465787 1.21440914 1.94491224]

# Define the seasons, number of models, and scale for the x-axis
seasons = ["winter", "spring", "summer", "autumn"]
n_gridcells_seasonal = len(IPCC_Atlas["lat"])  # Find the total number of models
seasons_scale = np.arange(len(seasons)) + 1  # Create seasonal scale

# Create a 1x2 plotting grid
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(10, 10))

# Panel 1: Plot the prior distribution for SST and SAT
axes[0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SST_seasonal, label='Prior SST Mean', marker='o', color='b')
axes[0].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_seasonal - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SST_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SST_seasonal + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SST_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, color='b', label='SST 95% CI'
)
axes[0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SAT_seasonal, label='Prior SAT Mean', marker='o', color='r')
axes[0].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SAT_seasonal - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SAT_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SAT_seasonal + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SAT_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, color='r', label='SAT 95% CI'
)
axes[0].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal SST & SAT')
axes[0].set_xlabel('Season')
axes[0].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axes[0].set_xticks(seasons_scale)
axes[0].set_xticklabels(seasons)
axes[0].legend()
axes[0].grid(True)

# Panel 2: Plot the prior distribution for SSS and precipitation
axes[1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SSS_seasonal, label='Prior SSS Mean', marker='o', color='g')
ax2 = axes[1].twinx()  # Create a secondary y-axis for precipitation
ax2.plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_precip_seasonal, label='Prior Precipitation Mean', marker='o', color='purple')

# Add 95% confidence intervals for SSS
axes[1].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SSS_seasonal - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SSS_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SSS_seasonal + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SSS_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, color='g', label='SSS 95% CI'
)

# Add 95% confidence intervals for precipitation
ax2.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_precip_seasonal - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_precip_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_precip_seasonal + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_precip_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, color='purple', label='Precipitation 95% CI'
)

axes[1].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal SSS & Precipitation')
axes[1].set_xlabel('Season')
axes[1].set_ylabel('SSS (psu)', color='g')
ax2.set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)', color='purple')
axes[1].set_xticks(seasons_scale)
axes[1].set_xticklabels(seasons)
axes[1].legend(loc='upper left')
ax2.legend(loc='upper right')
axes[1].grid(True)

# Adjust layout and show the plot
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Set the weights of the data based on the standard errors
weights_seasonal_SST_D47 = 1 / IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SST_D47_SE" for season in seasons]] ** 2
weights_seasonal_SAT_D47 = 1 / IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SAT_D47_SE" for season in seasons]] ** 2

# Change the column suffixes from "_D47_SE" to "_D47" in weights_seasonal to match the headers of the D47 matrix later for multiplication
weights_seasonal_SST_D47.columns = [col.replace('_SST_D47_SE', '_SST_D47') for col in weights_seasonal_SST_D47.columns]
weights_seasonal_SAT_D47.columns = [col.replace('_SAT_D47_SE', '_SAT_D47') for col in weights_seasonal_SAT_D47.columns]

# Prior D47 estimates from climate models (weighted mean)
mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal = np.array((IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SST_D47" for season in seasons]] * weights_seasonal_SST_D47).sum(axis = 0, skipna = True) / weights_seasonal_SST_D47.sum(axis = 0, skipna = True)) # Calculate weighted seasonal mean D47 values and convert to numpy array
mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal = np.array((IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SAT_D47" for season in seasons]] * weights_seasonal_SAT_D47).sum(axis = 0, skipna = True) / weights_seasonal_SAT_D47.sum(axis = 0, skipna = True)) # Calculate weighted seasonal mean D47 values and convert to numpy array

# Calculate simple (unweighted) mean for monthly d18Oc values
mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal = np.array(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_d18Oc" for season in seasons]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))
mu_prior_precip_seasonal = np.array(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_precip" for season in seasons]].mean(axis=0, skipna=True))

# Decompose variance within and between model outcomes
model_variances_SST_D47 = IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SST_D47" for season in seasons]].var(axis = 0, ddof = 1)  # Compute variance across models
model_variances_SAT_D47 = IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SAT_D47" for season in seasons]].var(axis = 0, ddof = 1)  # Compute variance across models
measurement_variances_SST_D47 = (IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SST_D47_SE" for season in seasons]] ** 2).mean(axis = 0, skipna = True)  # Compute variance on measurements
measurement_variances_SAT_D47 = (IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SAT_D47_SE" for season in seasons]] ** 2).mean(axis = 0, skipna = True)  # Compute variance on measurements

# Covariance between seasons in prior D47 estimates from climate models (weighted covariance matrix)
cov_raw_seasonal_SST_D47 = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SST_D47" for season in seasons]].dropna(), rowvar = False)  # Compute the covariance matrix for the raw data (without measurement uncertainty)
cov_raw_seasonal_SAT_D47 = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_SAT_D47" for season in seasons]].dropna(), rowvar = False)  # Compute the covariance matrix for the raw data (without measurement uncertainty)
cov_raw_seasonal_d18Oc = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_d18Oc" for season in seasons]].dropna(), rowvar = False)  # Compute the covariance matrix for the raw data (without measurement uncertainty)
cov_raw_seasonal_precip = np.cov(IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[[f"{season}_precip" for season in seasons]].dropna(), rowvar = False)  # Compute the covariance matrix for the raw data (without measurement uncertainty)
cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal = cov_raw_seasonal_SST_D47.copy()  # Copy covariance matrix to add uncertainty coming from the measurements
cov_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal = cov_raw_seasonal_SAT_D47.copy()  # Copy covariance matrix to add uncertainty coming from the measurements
cov_prior_d18Oc_seasonal = cov_raw_seasonal_d18Oc.copy()  # Copy covariance matrix to add uncertainty coming from the measurements
cov_prior_precip_seasonal = cov_raw_seasonal_precip.copy()  # Copy covariance matrix to add uncertainty coming from the measurements
np.fill_diagonal(cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal, np.diagonal(cov_raw_seasonal_SST_D47) + measurement_variances_SST_D47)  # Add diagonal terms for measurement uncertainties (which have no covariance between models)
np.fill_diagonal(cov_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal, np.diagonal(cov_raw_seasonal_SAT_D47) + measurement_variances_SAT_D47)  # Add diagonal terms for measurement uncertainties (which have no covariance between models)

# Store copy of original prior means to keep when later updating the prior
mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original, cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original = mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal.copy(), cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal.copy()
mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal_original, cov_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal_original = mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal.copy(), cov_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal.copy()
mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original, cov_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original = mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal.copy(), cov_raw_seasonal_d18Oc.copy()
mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original, cov_prior_precip_seasonal_original = mu_prior_precip_seasonal.copy(), cov_raw_seasonal_precip.copy()

# Extract the standard deviations (uncertainty) from the covariance matrix
std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal))
std_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal))
std_prior_d18Oc_seasonal = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_d18Oc_seasonal))
std_prior_precip_seasonal = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_precip_seasonal))

print("mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal:", mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal)
print("std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal:", std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal)
print("mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal:", mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal)
print("std_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal:", std_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal)
print("mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal:", mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal)
print("std_prior_d18Oc_seasonal:", std_prior_d18Oc_seasonal)
print("mu_prior_precip_seasonal:", mu_prior_precip_seasonal)
print("std_prior_precip_seasonal:", std_prior_precip_seasonal)

mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal: [0.58581025 0.58687706 0.58274323 0.58134767]
std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal: [0.00277616 0.00351338 0.00197095 0.00174785]
mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal: [0.58961097 0.58803244 0.58883642 0.58929545]
std_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal: [0.00178228 0.00175895 0.00205975 0.00223382]
mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal: [-1.97907512 -1.67030341 -2.28282881 -2.49276229]
std_prior_d18Oc_seasonal: [0.59340438 0.27951935 0.52582843 0.59480091]
mu_prior_precip_seasonal: [ 1.5836546   2.97928946 11.53320424 10.27162417]
std_prior_precip_seasonal: [1.19706106 2.51465787 1.21440914 1.94491224]

# Define the seasons, number of models, and scale for the x-axis
seasons = ["winter", "spring", "summer", "autumn"]
n_gridcells_seasonal = len(IPCC_Atlas["lat"])  # Find the total number of models (use monthly data because seasonal data has this column duplicated 3 times)
seasons_scale = np.arange(len(seasons)) + 1  # Create seasonal scale

# Create a 2x2 plotting grid
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(15, 12))

# Panel 1: Plot the prior distribution for SST D47 values
axes[0, 0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal[:len(seasons)], label='Prior SST D47 Mean', marker='o', color='b')
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal[:len(seasons)] - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal[:len(seasons)] + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, color='b', label='95% Confidence Interval'
)
axes[0, 0].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal SST D47 Values')
axes[0, 0].set_xlabel('Season')
axes[0, 0].set_ylabel('D47 Value')
axes[0, 0].set_xticks(seasons_scale)
axes[0, 0].set_xticklabels(seasons)
axes[0, 0].legend()
axes[0, 0].grid(True)

# Panel 2: Plot the prior distribution for SAT D47 values
axes[0, 1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal[:len(seasons)], label='Prior SAT D47 Mean', marker='o', color='r')
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal[:len(seasons)] - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal[:len(seasons)] + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, color='r', label='95% Confidence Interval'
)
axes[0, 1].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal SAT D47 Values')
axes[0, 1].set_xlabel('Season')
axes[0, 1].set_ylabel('D47 Value')
axes[0, 1].set_xticks(seasons_scale)
axes[0, 1].set_xticklabels(seasons)
axes[0, 1].legend()
axes[0, 1].grid(True)

# Panel 3: Plot the prior distribution for d18Oc
axes[1, 0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal, label='Prior d18Oc Mean', marker='o', color='g')
axes[1, 0].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_d18Oc_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_d18Oc_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, color='g', label='95% Confidence Interval'
)
axes[1, 0].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal d18Oc Values')
axes[1, 0].set_xlabel('Season')
axes[1, 0].set_ylabel('d18Oc Value')
axes[1, 0].set_xticks(seasons_scale)
axes[1, 0].set_xticklabels(seasons)
axes[1, 0].legend()
axes[1, 0].grid(True)

# Panel 4: Plot the prior distribution for precipitation
axes[1, 1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_precip_seasonal, label='Prior Precipitation Mean', marker='o', color='purple')
axes[1, 1].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_precip_seasonal - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_precip_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_precip_seasonal + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_precip_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, color='purple', label='95% Confidence Interval'
)
axes[1, 1].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal Precipitation Values')
axes[1, 1].set_xlabel('Season')
axes[1, 1].set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)')
axes[1, 1].set_xticks(seasons_scale)
axes[1, 1].set_xticklabels(seasons)
axes[1, 1].legend()
axes[1, 1].grid(True)

# Adjust layout and show the plot
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Extract the relevant columns for SST, SAT D47, d18Oc, and precipitation
SST_D47_columns_seasonal = [f"{season}_SST_D47" for season in seasons]
SAT_D47_columns_seasonal = [f"{season}_SAT_D47" for season in seasons]
d18Oc_columns_seasonal = [f"{season}_d18Oc" for season in seasons]
precip_columns_seasonal = [f"{season}_precip" for season in seasons]

# Combine the relevant columns into a single dataframe
combined_data_seasonal = IPCC_Atlas_seasonal[
    SST_D47_columns_seasonal + SAT_D47_columns_seasonal + d18Oc_columns_seasonal + precip_columns_seasonal
]

# Calculate the covariance matrix for the combined data
cov_combined_seasonal = np.cov(combined_data_seasonal.dropna(), rowvar=False)

# Extract the covariance matrices for each variable
cov_SST_D47_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[:len(seasons), :len(seasons)]
cov_SAT_D47_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[len(seasons):2*len(seasons), len(seasons):2*len(seasons)]
cov_d18Oc_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[2*len(seasons):3*len(seasons), 2*len(seasons):3*len(seasons)]
cov_precip_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[3*len(seasons):, 3*len(seasons):]

# Extract the cross-covariance matrices
cross_cov_SST_SAT_D47_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[:len(seasons), len(seasons):2*len(seasons)]
cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[:len(seasons), 2*len(seasons):3*len(seasons)]
cross_cov_SST_precip_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[:len(seasons), 3*len(seasons):]
cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[len(seasons):2*len(seasons), 2*len(seasons):3*len(seasons)]
cross_cov_SAT_precip_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[len(seasons):2*len(seasons), 3*len(seasons):]
cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[2*len(seasons):3*len(seasons), 3*len(seasons):]

# Plot a heatmap of the combined covariance matrix
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
sns.heatmap(
    np.round(cov_combined_seasonal * 10**4, 1),  # Scale by 10^4 for better visualization and round values
    annot=False,
    fmt=".2f",
    cmap="coolwarm",
    center=0,
    xticklabels=SST_D47_columns_seasonal + SAT_D47_columns_seasonal + d18Oc_columns_seasonal + precip_columns_seasonal,
    yticklabels=SST_D47_columns_seasonal + SAT_D47_columns_seasonal + d18Oc_columns_seasonal + precip_columns_seasonal
)

# Add titles to the axes per parameter
plt.axvline(x=len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axvline(x=len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axvline(x=len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(d18Oc_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)

plt.axhline(y=len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axhline(y=len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axhline(y=len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(d18Oc_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)

# Add parameter labels
plt.text(len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) / 2, -2, 'SST D47', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) / 2, -2, 'SAT D47', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(d18Oc_columns_seasonal) / 2, -2, 'd18Oc', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(d18Oc_columns_seasonal) + len(precip_columns_seasonal) / 2, -2, 'Precipitation', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)

plt.title("Combined Covariance Matrix for SST D47, SAT D47, d18Oc, and Precipitation")
plt.show()

# Normalize each submatrix independently for better visualization
def normalize_matrix(matrix):
    min_val = np.min(matrix)
    max_val = np.max(matrix)
    return (matrix - min_val) / (max_val - min_val)

# Extract the covariance matrices for SAT D47, SST D47, d18Oc, and precipitation
cov_SAT_D47_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[:len(seasons), :len(seasons)]
cov_SST_D47_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[len(seasons):2*len(seasons), len(seasons):2*len(seasons)]
cov_d18Oc_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[2*len(seasons):3*len(seasons), 2*len(seasons):3*len(seasons)]
cov_precip_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[3*len(seasons):, 3*len(seasons):]

# Extract the cross-covariance matrices
cross_cov_SAT_SST_D47_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[:len(seasons), len(seasons):2*len(seasons)]
cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[:len(seasons), 2*len(seasons):3*len(seasons)]
cross_cov_SAT_precip_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[:len(seasons), 3*len(seasons):]
cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[len(seasons):2*len(seasons), 2*len(seasons):3*len(seasons)]
cross_cov_SST_precip_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[len(seasons):2*len(seasons), 3*len(seasons):]
cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_seasonal = cov_combined_seasonal[2*len(seasons):3*len(seasons), 3*len(seasons):]

# Normalize each submatrix
normalized_cov_SAT_D47_seasonal = normalize_matrix(cov_SAT_D47_seasonal)
normalized_cov_SST_D47_seasonal = normalize_matrix(cov_SST_D47_seasonal)
normalized_cov_d18Oc_seasonal = normalize_matrix(cov_d18Oc_seasonal)
normalized_cov_precip_seasonal = normalize_matrix(cov_precip_seasonal)

# Normalize each cross-covariance matrix
normalized_cross_cov_SAT_SST_D47_seasonal = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_SAT_SST_D47_seasonal)
normalized_cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_seasonal = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_seasonal)
normalized_cross_cov_SAT_precip_seasonal = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_SAT_precip_seasonal)
normalized_cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_seasonal = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_seasonal)
normalized_cross_cov_SST_precip_seasonal = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_SST_precip_seasonal)
normalized_cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_seasonal = normalize_matrix(cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_seasonal)

# Combine the normalized submatrices into a single normalized covariance matrix
normalized_cov_combined_seasonal = np.block([
    [normalized_cov_SAT_D47_seasonal, normalized_cross_cov_SAT_SST_D47_seasonal, normalized_cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_seasonal, normalized_cross_cov_SAT_precip_seasonal],
    [normalized_cross_cov_SAT_SST_D47_seasonal.T, normalized_cov_SST_D47_seasonal, normalized_cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_seasonal, normalized_cross_cov_SST_precip_seasonal],
    [normalized_cross_cov_SAT_d18Oc_seasonal.T, normalized_cross_cov_SST_d18Oc_seasonal.T, normalized_cov_d18Oc_seasonal, normalized_cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_seasonal],
    [normalized_cross_cov_SAT_precip_seasonal.T, normalized_cross_cov_SST_precip_seasonal.T, normalized_cross_cov_d18Oc_precip_seasonal.T, normalized_cov_precip_seasonal]
])

# Plot the heatmap of the normalized combined covariance matrix
plt.figure(figsize=(12, 10))
sns.heatmap(
    normalized_cov_combined_seasonal,
    annot=False,
    fmt=".2f",
    cmap="coolwarm",
    center=0,
    xticklabels=SAT_D47_columns_seasonal + SST_D47_columns_seasonal + d18Oc_columns_seasonal + precip_columns_seasonal,
    yticklabels=SAT_D47_columns_seasonal + SST_D47_columns_seasonal + d18Oc_columns_seasonal + precip_columns_seasonal
)

# Add titles to the axes per parameter
plt.axvline(x=len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axvline(x=len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axvline(x=len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(d18Oc_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)

plt.axhline(y=len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axhline(y=len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)
plt.axhline(y=len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(d18Oc_columns_seasonal), color='black', linestyle='--', linewidth=1)

# Add parameter labels
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) / 2, -1, 'D47 value from SAT', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) / 2, -1, 'D47 value from SST', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(d18Oc_columns_seasonal) / 2, -1, 'd18Oc', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)
plt.text(len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(d18Oc_columns_seasonal) + len(precip_columns_seasonal) / 2, -1, 'Precipitation', ha='center', va='center', fontsize=10)

plt.text(-3, len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) / 2, 'D47 value from SAT', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)
plt.text(-3, len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) / 2, 'D47 value from SST', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)
plt.text(-3, len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(d18Oc_columns_seasonal) / 2, 'd18Oc', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)
plt.text(-3, len(SAT_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(SST_D47_columns_seasonal) + len(d18Oc_columns_seasonal) + len(precip_columns_seasonal) / 2, 'Precipitation', ha='center', va='center', rotation=90, fontsize=10)

plt.title("Normalized Combined Covariance Matrix")
plt.show()

# Combine the prior means of D47 and SAT into a single state vector
mu_prior_seasonal_combined = np.concatenate((mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal, mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal, mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal, mu_prior_precip_seasonal))

# Combine the covariance matrices of D47 values of SST and SAT, d18Oc and precipitation including the cross-covariance
cov_prior_seasonal_combined = cov_combined_seasonal.copy()

# Load measurements and format them into a dictionary
# These are the actual individual D47 measurements and ShellChron outcomes and thus come with a time uncertainty which can be propagated.
Caldarescu_data = pd.read_csv('Modern case/Caldarescu_data.csv') # Load the data into Python and in the Jupyter environment.
Caldarescu_data_dict = Caldarescu_data.to_dict('records') # Convert to dictionary with column headers as keys

# Extract measurements and uncertainties from the dictionary, skipping missing values
D47_measurements_individual = [measurement["D47"] for measurement in Caldarescu_data_dict if not pd.isna(measurement["D47"])] # Extract the D47 values
D47_measurement_uncertainties_individual = [measurement["D47_SD"] ** 2 for measurement in Caldarescu_data_dict if not pd.isna(measurement["D47"])] # Square the standard deviation to get the variance

# Create the measurement matrix Z
Z_individual = np.array(D47_measurements_individual).reshape(-1, 1)

# Convert estimated day of year to month (0-11) and season (0-3), set errors to 0
for record in Caldarescu_data_dict:
    doy = record.get("Estimated day of year", np.nan)
    if not pd.isna(doy):
        record["month_score"] = int(doy / 365 * 12) % 12  # month index 0-11
        record["season_score"] = int(doy / 365 * 4) % 4    # season index 0-3
    else:
        record["month_score"] = np.nan
        record["season_score"] = np.nan
    record["Month_err"] = 0
    record["Season_err"] = 0

# Print excerpt of the dictionary to check format
print(Caldarescu_data_dict[1])

{'SampName': 'M5_115', 'Specimen': 'M5', 'SampNum': 115, 'Time of year': 'Apr/Oct', 'Increment number': 2, 'Estimated date': '01/10/2005', 'Estimated day of year': 273.0, 'Final_d13Ccarb': -0.01, 'd13C_SD': 0.030214895, 'Final_d18Ocarb_VPDB': -4.32, 'd18O_SD': 0.059240652, 'D47rfac': 0.644, 'D47': 0.582, 'D47_SD': 0.039056165, 'month_score': 8, 'season_score': 2, 'Month_err': 0, 'Season_err': 0}

# Create the observation matrix H for monthly data based on individual measurements
N_measurements = len(Z_individual)
H_monthly = np.zeros((N_measurements, len(mu_prior_monthly_combined)))

# Fill the first part of the observation matrix H with ones at the positions corresponding to the D47 measurements, ignoring NaN values
for i, measurement in enumerate([m for m in Caldarescu_data_dict if not pd.isna(m["D47"])]):
    time_index = int(measurement["month_score"])
    H_monthly[i, time_index] = 1  # Indexing the first set of columns (1:12) for SST_D47

print(H_monthly)

[[0. 0. 0. ... 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. ... 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. ... 0. 0. 0.]
 ...
 [0. 0. 0. ... 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. ... 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. ... 0. 0. 0.]]

# Define the list of season names for integer indexing
season_names = ["winter", "spring", "summer", "autumn"]

# Initialize dictionaries to store aggregated measurements and uncertainties per season
D47_measurements_seasonal = {season: [] for season in season_names}
D47_measurement_uncertainties_seasonal = {season: [] for season in season_names}
print(D47_measurements_seasonal)

for measurement in Caldarescu_data_dict:
    if not pd.isna(measurement["D47"]):
        season_index = int(measurement["season_score"])
        D47_measurements_seasonal[season_names[season_index]].append(measurement["D47"])
        D47_measurement_uncertainties_seasonal[season_names[season_index]].append(measurement["D47_SD"] ** 2)

# Calculate weighted mean and propagated uncertainty for each season
D47_aggregated_measurements_seasonal = []
D47_aggregated_uncertainties_seasonal = []

for season in season_names:
    if D47_measurements_seasonal[season]:
        weights = 1 / np.array(D47_measurement_uncertainties_seasonal[season])
        weighted_mean = np.sum(np.array(D47_measurements_seasonal[season]) * weights) / np.sum(weights)
        measurement_variance = np.var(D47_measurements_seasonal[season], ddof=1)
        propagated_uncertainty = np.sqrt(1 / np.sum(weights) + measurement_variance)
        propagated_standard_error = propagated_uncertainty / np.sqrt(len(D47_measurements_seasonal[season])) # Assemble D47 data as SE (optional)
        D47_aggregated_measurements_seasonal.append(weighted_mean)
        D47_aggregated_uncertainties_seasonal.append(propagated_uncertainty ** 2)

# Create the measurement matrix Z
Z_seasonal_aggregated = np.array(D47_aggregated_measurements_seasonal).reshape(-1, 1)

# Create the measurement uncertainty matrix R (diagonal matrix)
R_seasonal_aggregated = np.diag(D47_aggregated_uncertainties_seasonal)  # Diagonal matrix of measurement uncertainties

print("Z_seasonal_aggregated:", Z_seasonal_aggregated)
print("R_seasonal_aggregated:", R_seasonal_aggregated)

{'winter': [], 'spring': [], 'summer': [], 'autumn': []}
Z_seasonal_aggregated: [[0.6203526 ]
 [0.60752459]
 [0.58873077]
 [0.60630233]]
R_seasonal_aggregated: [[0.00225072 0.         0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.00233469 0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.00070775 0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.         0.00188021]]

# Create the observation matrix H for seasonally aggregated data

# Define the number of seasons or months
num_seasons = 4

# Number of seasonally aggregated measurements
N_measurements_seasonal_aggregated = len(Z_seasonal_aggregated)
H_seasonal_aggregated = np.zeros((N_measurements_seasonal_aggregated, len(mu_prior_seasonal_combined)))

# Fill the observation matrix H with ones at the positions corresponding to the measurements
for i, measurement in enumerate(Z_seasonal_aggregated):
    time_index = i % num_seasons  # Ensure the index is within the range of seasons
    H_seasonal_aggregated[i, time_index] = 1

print(H_seasonal_aggregated)

[[1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]]

month_names = ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June', 'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December']  # List full month names

# Initialize dictionaries to store aggregated measurements and uncertainties per month
D47_measurements_monthly = {month: [] for month in month_names}
D47_measurement_uncertainties_monthly = {month: [] for month in month_names}

# Aggregate measurements and uncertainties per month
for measurement in Caldarescu_data_dict:
    if not pd.isna(measurement["D47"]):
        month_index = int(measurement["month_score"])
        D47_measurements_monthly[month_names[month_index]].append(measurement["D47"])
        D47_measurement_uncertainties_monthly[month_names[month_index]].append(measurement["D47_SD"] ** 2)

# Calculate weighted mean and propagated uncertainty for each month
D47_aggregated_measurements_monthly = []
D47_aggregated_uncertainties_monthly = []

for month in month_names:
    if D47_measurements_monthly[month]:
        weights = 1 / np.array(D47_measurement_uncertainties_monthly[month])
        weighted_mean = np.sum(np.array(D47_measurements_monthly[month]) * weights) / np.sum(weights)
        measurement_variance = np.var(D47_measurements_monthly[month], ddof=1)
        propagated_uncertainty = np.sqrt(1 / np.sum(weights) + measurement_variance)
        propagated_standard_error = propagated_uncertainty / np.sqrt(len(D47_measurements_monthly[month]))  # Assemble D47 data as SE (optional)
        D47_aggregated_measurements_monthly.append(weighted_mean)
        D47_aggregated_uncertainties_monthly.append(propagated_uncertainty ** 2) # Assemble D47 data as SE

# Create the measurement matrix Z
Z_monthly_aggregated = np.array(D47_aggregated_measurements_monthly).reshape(-1, 1)

# Create the measurement uncertainty matrix R (diagonal matrix)
R_monthly_aggregated = np.diag(D47_aggregated_uncertainties_monthly)  # Diagonal matrix of measurement uncertainties

print("Z_monthly_aggregated:", Z_monthly_aggregated)
print("R_monthly_aggregated:", R_monthly_aggregated)

Z_monthly_aggregated: [[0.60602128]
 [0.62462903]
 [0.62673437]
 [0.60375   ]
 [0.61565217]
 [0.5994    ]
 [0.594375  ]
 [0.58444444]
 [0.588     ]
 [0.61542857]
 [0.616375  ]
 [0.60114286]]
R_monthly_aggregated: [[0.00209378 0.         0.         0.         0.         0.
  0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.00279717 0.         0.         0.         0.
  0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.00174235 0.         0.         0.
  0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.         0.00270734 0.         0.
  0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.         0.         0.00241665 0.
  0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.00156014
  0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.
  0.00087723 0.         0.         0.         0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.
  0.         0.00129751 0.         0.         0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.
  0.         0.         0.00041599 0.         0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.
  0.         0.         0.         0.00080553 0.         0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.
  0.         0.         0.         0.         0.00112751 0.        ]
 [0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.
  0.         0.         0.         0.         0.         0.00247135]]

# Create the observation matrix H for monthly aggregated data

# Define the number of seasons or months
num_months = 12

# Number of monthly aggregated measurements
N_measurements_monthly_aggregated = len(Z_monthly_aggregated)
H_monthly_aggregated = np.zeros((N_measurements_monthly_aggregated, len(mu_prior_monthly_combined)))

# Fill the observation matrix H with ones at the positions corresponding to the measurements
for i, measurement in enumerate(Z_monthly_aggregated):
    time_index = i % num_months  # Ensure the index is within the range of months
    H_monthly_aggregated[i, time_index] = 1

print(H_monthly_aggregated)

[[1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]
 [0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
  0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.]]

def kalman_update_block(
    mu_prior: np.ndarray,
    cov_prior: np.ndarray,
    Z: np.ndarray,
    R: np.ndarray,
    H: np.ndarray,
    debug_print: bool = False
):
    """
    Perform a Kalman update step for a block of observations.

    Parameters:
    mu_prior (np.ndarray): The prior mean vector.
    cov_prior (np.ndarray): The prior covariance matrix.
    Z (np.ndarray): The measurement matrix.
    R (np.ndarray): The measurement noise covariance matrix.
    H (np.ndarray): The observation matrix.
    debug_print (bool): If True, print debug statements.

    Returns:
    mu_posterior (np.ndarray): The posterior mean vector.
    cov_posterior (np.ndarray): The posterior covariance matrix.
    """
    if debug_print:
        # Print shapes of key variables for debugging
        print("Shape of cov_prior:", cov_prior.shape)
        print("Shape of H:", H.shape)
        print("Shape of R:", R.shape)
        print("Shape of mu_prior:", mu_prior.shape)
        print("Shape of Z:", Z.shape)

    # Compute the Kalman gain
    K = cov_prior @ H.T @ np.linalg.inv(H @ cov_prior @ H.T + R)
    if debug_print:
        print("Shape of K:", K.shape)

    # In-between steps for debugging
    Y_hat = H @ mu_prior  # Compute the predicted observation
    if debug_print:
        print("Shape of Y_hat:", Y_hat.shape)
    innovation = Z - Y_hat.reshape(-1, 1)  # Compute the innovation
    if debug_print:
        print("Shape of innovation:", innovation.shape)
    kalman_gain = K @ innovation  # Compute the Kalman gain
    if debug_print:
        print("Shape of kalman_gain:", kalman_gain.shape)

    # Update the posterior mean estimate
    mu_posterior = mu_prior + kalman_gain.flatten()

    # Update the posterior covariance estimate
    cov_posterior = cov_prior - K @ H @ cov_prior

    return mu_posterior, cov_posterior

# Create function to keep track of the likelihood statistics and data

# Suppress FutureWarning
# warnings.simplefilter(action = 'ignore', category = FutureWarning)

def likelihood_statistics_multi(
    weighted_sum,
    effective_weights_total,
    n_update,
    data_library,
    measurement,
    timestamp,
    timestamp_sd,
    Variable_names = ["Variable_name1", "Variable_name2"],
    Variable_names_SDs = ["Variable_name_SD1", "Variable_name_SD2"]
):
    """
    Incrementally updates the likelihood statistics for seasonal data.

    Parameters:
    - weighted_sum: list
        List tracking the mean times the effective weight for each time bin and variable.
    - effective_weights_total: list
        List tracking the sum of effective weights for each time bin and variable.
    - n_update: list
        List tracking the number of datapoints for each time bin and variable.
    - data_library: dict
        Dictionary tracking individual data points and their uncertainties.
    - measurement: dict
        A single measurement containing data on multiple variables.
    - timestamp: str
        Key in the measurement dictionary for the timestamp (0-based index).
    - timestamp_sd: float
        Standard deviation of uncertainty in the timestamp.
    - Variable_name: list of str
        Key in the measurement dictionary for the variables (e.g. d18Oc, D47).
    - Variable_name_SD: list of str
        Key in the measurement dictionary for the standard deviation on the variables (e.g. d18Oc, D47).
    """
    # Check if at least one combination of variable name and its SD is present in the measurement
    found = False
    for var_name, var_sd_name in zip(Variable_names, Variable_names_SDs):
        if var_name in measurement and var_sd_name in measurement:
            found = True
            break

    if timestamp in measurement and found:
        # Extract the time and data values from the measurement
        time = measurement[timestamp]
        time_sd = measurement[timestamp_sd]
        # Loop through all variable/SD pairs
        for var_name, var_sd_name in zip(Variable_names, Variable_names_SDs):
            if var_name in measurement and var_sd_name in measurement:
                data_val = measurement[var_name]
                data_sd = measurement[var_sd_name]
                
                # Check if the data is valid
                if not np.isnan(data_val) and not np.isnan(data_sd):
                    # Calculate the weight (inverse of variance)
                    weight = 1 / (data_sd ** 2)

                    # Determine the number of bins
                    num_bins_seasonal = int(len(weighted_sum) / len(Variable_names))
                    # Ensure num_bins_seasonal is an integer
                    bin_indices = np.arange(num_bins_seasonal, dtype=np.float64)

                    # Calculate the probability density for each bin
                    if time_sd == 0:  # Catch cases where the time uncertainty is zero (or unknown)
                        probabilities = np.zeros(num_bins_seasonal, dtype=np.float64)
                        bin_index = int(time) % num_bins_seasonal  # Ensure the bin index is within range
                        probabilities[bin_index] = 1  # Set the probability to 1 for the correct bin
                    else:
                        probabilities = stats.norm.pdf(bin_indices, loc=time, scale=time_sd)  # For non-zero time uncertainty, use a normal distribution
                        probabilities /= probabilities.sum()  # Normalize to ensure the sum of probabilities is 1

                    for i, prob in enumerate(probabilities):  # Loop over all possible bin numbers in the probability vector
                        bin_index = i % num_bins_seasonal  # Wrap around to the first bin if it overflows

                        # Update the weighted sums and sample count
                        effective_weight = weight * prob
                        var_idx = Variable_names.index(var_name)  # Find the index of the variable
                        idx = int(var_idx * num_bins_seasonal + bin_index)  # Unique index for (variable, bin)
                        if weighted_sum[idx] is None:
                            weighted_sum[idx] = 0
                            effective_weights_total[idx] = 0
                        weighted_sum[idx] = weighted_sum[idx] + data_val * effective_weight
                        effective_weights_total[idx] = effective_weights_total[idx] + effective_weight

                    # Update n_update for the correct variable and bin
                    var_idx = Variable_names.index(var_name) # Find the index of the variable
                    n_update[var_idx * num_bins_seasonal + (int(time) % num_bins_seasonal)] += 1  # update sample number per bin and variable

                    # Track individual data points and their uncertainties
                    key = (var_name, int(time)) # Store individual data points in a dictionary with (variable, time) as key
                    if key not in data_library:
                        data_library[key] = []  # Initialize the list for a new (time, var_name) pair
                    data_library[key].append((time_sd, data_val, data_sd))
    return weighted_sum, effective_weights_total, n_update, data_library # Return the updated values

# Update the seasonal prior with all measurements assigned to the seasons according to the DOY_rotated field
seasonal_aggregated_data = {} # Keep track of datapoints per season
n_update_seasonal_aggregated = mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal * 0 # Vector to store sample size per season for confidence interval plotting
weighted_sum_seasonal_aggregated = mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal * 0 # Vector to store mean temperature per season for confidence interval plotting
effective_weights_total_seasonal_aggregated = mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal * 0 # Vector to store temperature uncertainty per season for confidence interval plotting
mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated = mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal * 0 # Vector to store mean temperature per season for confidence interval plotting
std_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated = mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal * 0 # Vector to store temperature uncertainty per season for confidence interval plotting
var_names = ["D47"] # List of variable names which are updated
var_SD_names = ["D47_SD"] # List of names of variable uncertainties which are updated

# Update the prior with seasonal data using the Kalman filter in block updating form
mu_post_seasonal_aggregated, cov_post_seasonal_aggregated = kalman_update_block(
    mu_prior_seasonal_combined,
    cov_prior_seasonal_combined,
    Z_seasonal_aggregated,
    R_seasonal_aggregated,
    H_seasonal_aggregated
)

# Extract the updated mean values from the combined state vector
mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated = mu_post_seasonal_aggregated[:len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal)]
mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated = mu_post_seasonal_aggregated[len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal):2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal)]
mu_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated = mu_post_seasonal_aggregated[2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal):3*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal)]
mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated = mu_post_seasonal_aggregated[3*len(mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal):]

# Extract the updated covariance matrices from the combined covariance matrix
cov_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated = cov_post_seasonal_aggregated[:len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal), :len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal)]
cov_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated = cov_post_seasonal_aggregated[len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal):2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal), len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal):2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal)]
cov_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated = cov_post_seasonal_aggregated[2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal):3*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal), 2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal):3*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal)]
cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated = cov_post_seasonal_aggregated[3*len(mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal):, 3*len(mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal):]

for measurement in Caldarescu_data_dict: # Loop over measurements
    # Track and update likelihood statistics
    weighted_sum_seasonal_aggregated, effective_weights_total_seasonal_aggregated, n_update_seasonal_aggregated, seasonal_aggregated_data = likelihood_statistics_multi(
        weighted_sum_seasonal_aggregated,
        effective_weights_total_seasonal_aggregated,
        n_update_seasonal_aggregated,
        seasonal_aggregated_data,
        measurement,
        timestamp = "season_score",
        timestamp_sd = "Season_err",
        Variable_names = var_names,
        Variable_names_SDs = var_SD_names
    )

# Normalize the weighted_sum_seasonal_aggregated to obtain weighted mean
# Calculate inverse square root of the effective_weights_total_seasonal_aggregated to contain the weighted standard deviation
# Print likelihood statistics
print("Likelihood statistics:")
num_vars = len(var_names)  # number of variables (e.g., D47, d18O)
num_bins_seasonal = int(len(weighted_sum_seasonal_aggregated) / num_vars)

for var_idx, var_name in enumerate(var_names):
    print(f"Results for variable: {var_name}")
    for bin_idx in range(num_bins_seasonal):
        idx = var_idx * num_bins_seasonal + bin_idx
        if effective_weights_total_seasonal_aggregated[idx] is not None and effective_weights_total_seasonal_aggregated[idx] != 0:
            mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[idx] = weighted_sum_seasonal_aggregated[idx] / effective_weights_total_seasonal_aggregated[idx]
            std_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[idx] = np.sqrt(1 / effective_weights_total_seasonal_aggregated[idx])
        print(f"  Bin {bin_idx + 1}:")
        print(f"    Weighted Average: {mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[idx]}")
        print(f"    Aggregated Uncertainty: {std_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[idx]}")
        print(f"    Number of Data Points: {n_update_seasonal_aggregated[idx]}")
    print()

print("Original Prior Mean SST-D47 Seasonal:\n", mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original)
print("Original Prior Standard Deviation SST-D47 Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original)))
print("Updated Posterior Mean SST-D47 Seasonal:\n", mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated)
print("Updated Posterior Standard Deviation SST-D47 Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated)))
print("Original Prior Mean SAT-D47 Seasonal:\n", mu_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal_original)
print("Original Prior Standard Deviation SAT-D47 Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SAT_D47_seasonal_original)))
print("Updated Posterior Mean SAT-D47 Seasonal:\n", mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated)
print("Updated Posterior Standard Deviation SAT-D47 Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated)))
print("Original Prior Mean d18Oc Seasonal:\n", mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original)
print("Original Prior Standard Deviation d18Oc Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original)))
print("Updated Posterior Mean d18Oc Seasonal:\n", mu_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated)
print("Updated Posterior Standard Deviation d18Oc Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated)))
print("Original Prior Mean precipitation Seasonal:\n", mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original)
print("Original Prior Standard Deviation precipitation Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_precip_seasonal_original)))
print("Updated Posterior Mean precipitation Seasonal:\n", mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated)
print("Updated Posterior Standard Deviation precipitation Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated)))

Likelihood statistics:
Results for variable: D47
  Bin 1:
    Weighted Average: 0.6203526011560664
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.0029693852388286562
    Number of Data Points: 173.0
  Bin 2:
    Weighted Average: 0.6075245901639345
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.005000629508744374
    Number of Data Points: 61.0
  Bin 3:
    Weighted Average: 0.5887307692307695
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.0076595441331192135
    Number of Data Points: 26.0
  Bin 4:
    Weighted Average: 0.6063023255813956
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.005956009325174314
    Number of Data Points: 43.0

Original Prior Mean SST-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.58581025 0.58687706 0.58274323 0.58134767]
Original Prior Standard Deviation SST-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.00277616 0.00351338 0.00197095 0.00174785]
Updated Posterior Mean SST-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.58590661 0.58697071 0.58276322 0.58137358]
Updated Posterior Standard Deviation SST-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.00220499 0.00225282 0.00084373 0.0010159 ]
Original Prior Mean SAT-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.58961097 0.58803244 0.58883642 0.58929545]
Original Prior Standard Deviation SAT-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.00178228 0.00175895 0.00205975 0.00223382]
Updated Posterior Mean SAT-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.58965487 0.5880845  0.58889188 0.58934829]
Updated Posterior Standard Deviation SAT-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.00152486 0.00159188 0.00164708 0.00174159]
Original Prior Mean d18Oc Seasonal:
 [-1.97907512 -1.67030341 -2.28282881 -2.49276229]
Original Prior Standard Deviation d18Oc Seasonal:
 [0.59340438 0.27951935 0.52582843 0.59480091]
Updated Posterior Mean d18Oc Seasonal:
 [-1.97421623 -1.67155099 -2.29167474 -2.50235166]
Updated Posterior Standard Deviation d18Oc Seasonal:
 [0.59331521 0.27946807 0.52570511 0.59463413]
Original Prior Mean precipitation Seasonal:
 [ 1.5836546   2.97928946 11.53320424 10.27162417]
Original Prior Standard Deviation precipitation Seasonal:
 [1.19706106 2.51465787 1.21440914 1.94491224]
Updated Posterior Mean precipitation Seasonal:
 [ 1.56118069  2.93876919 11.58447702 10.33293765]
Updated Posterior Standard Deviation precipitation Seasonal:
 [1.36068093 2.55046503 1.54932242 1.91162204]

# --- D47 ---

# Plot the updated seasonal posterior for SST_D47
std_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated))
std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original))
var_start_D47_seasonal = var_names.index("D47") * num_bins_seasonal # Determine the start index for the D47 variable
var_end_D47_seasonal = var_start_D47_seasonal + num_bins_seasonal # Determine the end index for the D47 variable
n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 = n_update_seasonal_aggregated[var_start_D47_seasonal:var_end_D47_seasonal]  # Extract the number of updates for D47

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))

# PRIOR
plt.plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
plt.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='b',
    alpha=0.2,
    label='95% Confidence Interval'
)

# LIKELIHOOD
# Determine the start and end indices for the selected variable to parse information from the likelihood statistics
plt.plot(seasons_scale, mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[var_start_D47_seasonal:var_end_D47_seasonal], label='Likelihood Mean (clumped data)', color='y', marker='o')
plt.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[var_start_D47_seasonal:var_end_D47_seasonal] - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47) * std_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[var_start_D47_seasonal:var_end_D47_seasonal] / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47),
    mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[var_start_D47_seasonal:var_end_D47_seasonal] + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47) * std_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[var_start_D47_seasonal:var_end_D47_seasonal] / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47),
    color='y',
    alpha=0.2,
    label='95% Confidence Interval'
)
for measurement in Caldarescu_data_dict:
    plt.plot(int(measurement["season_score"]) + 1, measurement["D47"], color="y", marker="o", alpha=0.2)
    plt.errorbar(int(measurement["season_score"]) + 1, measurement["D47"], yerr=measurement["D47_SD"], color="y", alpha=0.2, capsize=5)
secax = plt.gca().secondary_xaxis('top')
secax.set_xticks(seasons_scale)
secax.set_xticklabels([f"n = {int(n)}" for n in n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47])
secax.tick_params(axis='x', rotation=0)

# POSTERIOR
plt.plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
plt.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * std_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * std_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='r',
    alpha=0.2,
    label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)'
)

plt.xticks(seasons_scale, seasons)
plt.title('Prior and posterior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal SST D47 values\n(Based on individual measurements)')
plt.xlabel('Season')
plt.ylabel('SST D47 value')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

# ---d18Oc---

# Plot the updated seasonal posterior for d18Oc
std_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated))
std_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original))

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))

# PRIOR
plt.plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
plt.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='b',
    alpha=0.2,
    label='95% Confidence Interval'
)

# POSTERIOR
plt.plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
plt.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * std_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * std_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='r',
    alpha=0.2,
    label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)'
)

plt.xticks(seasons_scale, seasons)
plt.title('Prior and posterior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal d18Oc values\n(Based on individual measurements)')
plt.xlabel('Season')
plt.ylabel('d18Oc value')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

# Update the seasonal prior with all measurements assigned to the seasons according to the DOY_rotated field
monthly_aggregated_data = {} # Keep track of datapoints per season
n_update_monthly_aggregated = mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly * 0 # Vector to store sample size per season for confidence interval plotting
weighted_sum_monthly_aggregated = mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly * 0 # Vector to store mean temperature per season for confidence interval plotting
effective_weights_total_monthly_aggregated = mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly * 0 # Vector to store temperature uncertainty per season for confidence interval plotting
mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated = mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly * 0 # Vector to store mean temperature per season for confidence interval plotting
std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated = mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly * 0 # Vector to store temperature uncertainty per season for confidence interval plotting
var_names = ["D47"] # List of variable names which are updated
var_SD_names = ["D47_SD"] # List of names of variable uncertainties which are updated

# Update the prior with seasonal data using the Kalman filter in block updating form
mu_post_monthly_aggregated, cov_post_monthly_aggregated = kalman_update_block(
    mu_prior_monthly_combined,
    cov_prior_monthly_combined,
    Z_monthly_aggregated,
    R_monthly_aggregated,
    H_monthly_aggregated
)

# Extract the updated mean values from the combined state vector
mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated = mu_post_monthly_aggregated[:len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly)]
mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated = mu_post_monthly_aggregated[len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly):2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly)]
mu_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated = mu_post_monthly_aggregated[2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly):3*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly)]
mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated = mu_post_monthly_aggregated[3*len(mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly):]

# Extract the updated covariance matrices from the combined covariance matrix
cov_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated = cov_post_monthly_aggregated[:len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly), :len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly)]
cov_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated = cov_post_monthly_aggregated[len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly):2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly), len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly):2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly)]
cov_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated = cov_post_monthly_aggregated[2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly):3*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly), 2*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly):3*len(mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly)]
cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated = cov_post_monthly_aggregated[3*len(mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly):, 3*len(mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly):]

for measurement in Caldarescu_data_dict: # Loop over measurements
    # Track and update likelihood statistics
    weighted_sum_monthly_aggregated, effective_weights_total_monthly_aggregated, n_update_monthly_aggregated, monthly_aggregated_data = likelihood_statistics_multi(
        weighted_sum_monthly_aggregated,
        effective_weights_total_monthly_aggregated,
        n_update_monthly_aggregated,
        monthly_aggregated_data,
        measurement,
        timestamp = "month_score",
        timestamp_sd = "Month_err",
        Variable_names = var_names,
        Variable_names_SDs = var_SD_names
    )

# Normalize the weighted_sum_monthly_aggregated to obtain weighted mean
# Calculate inverse square root of the effective_weights_total_monthly_aggregated to contain the weighted standard deviation
# Print likelihood statistics
print("Likelihood statistics:")
num_vars = len(var_names)  # number of variables (e.g., D47, d18O)
num_bins_monthly = int(len(weighted_sum_monthly_aggregated) / num_vars)

for var_idx, var_name in enumerate(var_names):
    print(f"Results for variable: {var_name}")
    for bin_idx in range(num_bins_monthly):
        idx = var_idx * num_bins_monthly + bin_idx
        if effective_weights_total_monthly_aggregated[idx] is not None and effective_weights_total_monthly_aggregated[idx] != 0:
            mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[idx] = weighted_sum_monthly_aggregated[idx] / effective_weights_total_monthly_aggregated[idx]
            std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[idx] = np.sqrt(1 / effective_weights_total_monthly_aggregated[idx])
        print(f"  Bin {bin_idx + 1}:")
        print(f"    Weighted Average: {mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[idx]}")
        print(f"    Aggregated Uncertainty: {std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[idx]}")
        print(f"    Number of Data Points: {n_update_monthly_aggregated[idx]}")
    print()

print("Original Prior Mean SST-D47 Seasonal:\n", mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original)
print("Original Prior Standard Deviation SST-D47 Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original)))
print("Updated Posterior Mean SST-D47 Seasonal:\n", mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated)
print("Updated Posterior Standard Deviation SST-D47 Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated)))
print("Original Prior Mean SAT-D47 Seasonal:\n", mu_prior_SAT_D47_monthly_original)
print("Original Prior Standard Deviation SAT-D47 Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SAT_D47_monthly_original)))
print("Updated Posterior Mean SAT-D47 Seasonal:\n", mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated)
print("Updated Posterior Standard Deviation SAT-D47 Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated)))
print("Original Prior Mean d18Oc Seasonal:\n", mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original)
print("Original Prior Standard Deviation d18Oc Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original)))
print("Updated Posterior Mean d18Oc Seasonal:\n", mu_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated)
print("Updated Posterior Standard Deviation d18Oc Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated)))
print("Original Prior Mean precipitation Seasonal:\n", mu_prior_precip_monthly_original)
print("Original Prior Standard Deviation precipitation Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_precip_monthly_original)))
print("Updated Posterior Mean precipitation Seasonal:\n", mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)
print("Updated Posterior Standard Deviation precipitation Seasonal:\n", np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)))

Likelihood statistics:
Results for variable: D47
  Bin 1:
    Weighted Average: 0.6060212765957449
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.005696927175665367
    Number of Data Points: 47.0
  Bin 2:
    Weighted Average: 0.6246290322580648
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.004960137915140396
    Number of Data Points: 62.0
  Bin 3:
    Weighted Average: 0.6267343750000002
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.0048820206250000005
    Number of Data Points: 64.0
  Bin 4:
    Weighted Average: 0.6037500000000001
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.007380921410993213
    Number of Data Points: 28.0
  Bin 5:
    Weighted Average: 0.6156521739130436
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.008143773360291432
    Number of Data Points: 23.0
  Bin 6:
    Weighted Average: 0.5994
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.012350643807135015
    Number of Data Points: 10.0
  Bin 7:
    Weighted Average: 0.5943749999999999
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.013808439559320346
    Number of Data Points: 8.0
  Bin 8:
    Weighted Average: 0.5844444444444444
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.013018721666666665
    Number of Data Points: 9.0
  Bin 9:
    Weighted Average: 0.588
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.013018721666666665
    Number of Data Points: 9.0
  Bin 10:
    Weighted Average: 0.6154285714285714
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.014761842821986422
    Number of Data Points: 7.0
  Bin 11:
    Weighted Average: 0.616375
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.013808439559320346
    Number of Data Points: 8.0
  Bin 12:
    Weighted Average: 0.6011428571428573
    Aggregated Uncertainty: 0.007380921410993213
    Number of Data Points: 28.0

Original Prior Mean SST-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.58611136 0.58807854 0.58840607 0.58721478 0.58502217 0.58337762
 0.5826824  0.58217063 0.58131734 0.58113373 0.58159202 0.58326221]
Original Prior Standard Deviation SST-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.00154225 0.00262358 0.0033056  0.00341755 0.00312591 0.00229783
 0.00172489 0.00174205 0.00171518 0.00185845 0.00171988 0.00147969]
Updated Posterior Mean SST-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.58647695 0.58843549 0.58874987 0.58759319 0.58547856 0.58386425
 0.58319015 0.58268885 0.58181945 0.58161115 0.58209535 0.58371064]
Updated Posterior Standard Deviation SST-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.00155746 0.00159297 0.00160554 0.00157752 0.00160816 0.00168669
 0.00176055 0.00180411 0.00181466 0.00180991 0.00179846 0.00158453]
Original Prior Mean SAT-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.58980992 0.58954575 0.58855954 0.5876189  0.58791991 0.58880551
 0.58899953 0.58870432 0.58875453 0.58942555 0.5897075  0.5894774 ]
Original Prior Standard Deviation SAT-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.0017582  0.00161882 0.00162767 0.00170748 0.0018731  0.00203748
 0.00209141 0.00214556 0.00221785 0.00226071 0.00223188 0.00201213]
Updated Posterior Mean SAT-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.58993106 0.58987023 0.5889358  0.58791627 0.58812161 0.5889615
 0.58913103 0.58886177 0.58897239 0.58967275 0.58993757 0.58954114]
Updated Posterior Standard Deviation SAT-D47 Seasonal:
 [0.00045178 0.00158456 0.0018729  0.00125186 0.00092697 0.00084793
 0.00085653 0.00085854 0.00084307 0.00113671 0.00089661 0.00084464]
Original Prior Mean d18Oc Seasonal:
 [-1.95787003 -1.5929411  -1.49687212 -1.60639746 -1.90764064 -2.19200209
 -2.28266267 -2.37382168 -2.50360225 -2.48622504 -2.48845958 -2.38641423]
Original Prior Standard Deviation d18Oc Seasonal:
 [0.50552615 0.19738006 0.12129099 0.17562018 0.33880762 0.4946401
 0.57701361 0.60783166 0.60743431 0.61074591 0.70430673 0.73728707]
Updated Posterior Mean d18Oc Seasonal:
 [-2.0367718  -1.62891491 -1.51554856 -1.62782252 -1.94316224 -2.2478028
 -2.35050971 -2.44517204 -2.5795713  -2.56563302 -2.5794094  -2.48598004]
Updated Posterior Standard Deviation d18Oc Seasonal:
 [0.50239227 0.19595155 0.12059972 0.17481892 0.33744825 0.49249691
 0.57441371 0.60509321 0.60451738 0.60768017 0.7007981  0.73342659]
Original Prior Mean precipitation Seasonal:
 [ 0.95326442  0.66065841  0.75870658  1.84590803  6.33325375 10.838048
 11.84685843 11.9147063  11.8752223  10.88288037  8.05676985  3.13704099]
Original Prior Standard Deviation precipitation Seasonal:
 [0.34180364 0.27108401 0.23717466 0.51316878 0.91770655 1.08071996
 1.1180354  1.19916169 1.19446726 1.14380572 0.86132612 0.62397088]
Updated Posterior Mean precipitation Seasonal:
 [ 1.02676688  0.70880841  0.81093501  1.95279384  6.59667132 11.21045829
 12.2620542  12.36764253 12.27348939 11.22212123  8.36055035  3.35533845]
Updated Posterior Standard Deviation precipitation Seasonal:
 [0.46998765 0.3836218  0.28218509 0.41638091 1.04885639 1.3999695
 1.62387604 1.64505926 1.48931779 1.29753446 1.10673148 0.77636631]

# --- D47 ---

# Plot the updated seasonal posterior for SST_D47
std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated))
std_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original))
var_start_D47_monthly = var_names.index("D47") * num_bins_monthly # Determine the start index for the D47 variable
var_end_D47_monthly = var_start_D47_monthly + num_bins_monthly # Determine the end index for the D47 variable
n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 = n_update_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly]  # Extract the number of updates for D47

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))

# PRIOR
plt.plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
plt.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='b',
    alpha=0.2,
    label='95% Confidence Interval'
)

# LIKELIHOOD
# Determine the start and end indices for the selected variable to parse information from the likelihood statistics
plt.plot(months_scale, mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly], label='Likelihood Mean (clumped data)', color='y', marker='o')
plt.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly] - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47) * std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly] / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47),
    mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly] + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47) * std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly] / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47),
    color='y',
    alpha=0.2,
    label='95% Confidence Interval'
)
for measurement in Caldarescu_data_dict:
    plt.plot(int(measurement["month_score"]) + 1, measurement["D47"], color="y", marker="o", alpha=0.2)
    plt.errorbar(int(measurement["month_score"]) + 1, measurement["D47"], yerr=measurement["D47_SD"], color="y", alpha=0.2, capsize=5)
secax = plt.gca().secondary_xaxis('top')
secax.set_xticks(months_scale)
secax.set_xticklabels([f"n = {int(n)}" for n in n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47])
secax.tick_params(axis='x', rotation=0)

# POSTERIOR
plt.plot(months_scale, mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
plt.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='r',
    alpha=0.2,
    label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)'
)

plt.xticks(months_scale, month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
plt.title('Prior and posterior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal SST D47 values\n(Based on individual measurements)')
plt.xlabel('Month')
plt.ylabel('SST D47 value')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

# ---d18Oc---

# Plot the updated seasonal posterior for d18Oc
std_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated))
std_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original))

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 6))

# PRIOR
plt.plot(months_scale, mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
plt.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='b',
    alpha=0.2,
    label='95% Confidence Interval'
)

# POSTERIOR
plt.plot(months_scale, mu_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
plt.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * std_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * std_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='r',
    alpha=0.2,
    label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)'
)

plt.xticks(months_scale, month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
plt.title('Prior and posterior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal d18Oc values\n(Based on individual measurements)')
plt.xlabel('Month')
plt.ylabel('d18Oc value')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

# Convert prior D47 to temp
mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original, sD47 = cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original, return_covar = True)[0]
cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original, sD47 = cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_original, return_covar = True)[1]

# Convert prior d18Oc and temperature to d18Ow
mu_prior_d18Ow_seasonal_T = mu_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original - (20.6 - mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T) / 4.34 + 0.27
cov_prior_d18Ow_seasonal_T = cov_prior_d18Oc_seasonal_original + (1 / 4.34) ** 2 * cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T

# Convert prior d18Ow to SSS
mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T = (mu_prior_d18Ow_seasonal_T + 7.89) / 0.23
cov_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T = cov_prior_d18Ow_seasonal_T / (0.23 ** 2)

# Convert likelihood D47 to temp
mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[var_start_D47_seasonal:var_end_D47_seasonal], sD47 = std_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[var_start_D47_seasonal:var_end_D47_seasonal], return_covar = True)[0]
cov_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[var_start_D47_seasonal:var_end_D47_seasonal], sD47 = std_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated[var_start_D47_seasonal:var_end_D47_seasonal], return_covar = True)[1]

# Convert posterior D47 to temp
mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated, sD47 = cov_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated, return_covar = True)[0]
cov_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated, sD47 = cov_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated, return_covar = True)[1]

# Convert posterior d18Oc and temperature to d18Ow
mu_post_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T = mu_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated - (20.6 - mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T) / 4.34 + 0.27
cov_post_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T = cov_post_d18Oc_seasonal_aggregated + (1 / 4.34) ** 2 * cov_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T

# Convert posterior d18Ow to SSS
mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T = (mu_post_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T + 7.89) / 0.23
cov_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T = cov_post_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T / (0.23 ** 2)

# Plot in temperature domain
std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T))
std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T))
std_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated_T = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated_T))
std_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T))
std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T))
# Initiate plot
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(10, 12), sharex=True)

# FIRST PANEL: SST Results
# PRIOR
axs[0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
axs[0].fill_between(seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SST_D47_seasonal_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval')

# LIKELIHOOD
axs[0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated_T, label='Likelihood Mean (clumped data)', color='y', marker='o')
axs[0].fill_between(seasons_scale,
    mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47) * std_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47),
    mu_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47) * std_likelihood_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47),
    color='y', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval')

# POSTERIOR
axs[0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
axs[0].fill_between(seasons_scale,
    mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * std_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * std_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)')

# Layout for SST panel
axs[0].set_title('Seasonal Sea Surface Temperatures (SST)')
axs[0].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axs[0].legend(loc='upper left')
axs[0].grid(True)

# SECOND PANEL: SSS Results
# PRIOR
axs[1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
axs[1].fill_between(seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval')

# POSTERIOR
axs[1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
axs[1].fill_between(seasons_scale,
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)')

# Layout for SSS panel
axs[1].set_title('Seasonal Sea Surface Salinity (SSS)')
axs[1].set_xlabel('Season')
axs[1].set_ylabel('Salinity (PSU)')
axs[1].legend(loc='upper left')
axs[1].grid(True)

# Shared x-axis labels
plt.xticks(seasons_scale, seasons, rotation=45, ha="right")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Convert posterior D47 to temp
mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated, sD47 = cov_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated, return_covar = True)[0]
cov_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated, sD47 = cov_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated, return_covar = True)[1]

# Convert posterior SAT-D47 back to temperature
std_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T = np.nan_to_num(np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T)))

fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(10, 12), sharex=True)

# --- SAT prior and posterior ---
# PRIOR
axs[0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SAT_seasonal_original, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
axs[0].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SAT_seasonal_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SAT_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SAT_seasonal_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SAT_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval'
)

# POSTERIOR
axs[0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
axs[0].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * std_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * std_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)'
)

axs[0].set_title('Posterior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal Surface Air Temperatures\n(Based on seasonal averages per specimen)')
axs[0].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axs[0].set_ylim(20, 40)
axs[0].legend(loc='upper left')
axs[0].grid(True)

# --- Precipitation prior and posterior ---
# PRIOR
axs[1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
axs[1].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_precip_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_precip_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval'
)

# POSTERIOR
axs[1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
axs[1].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)'
)

axs[1].set_title('Posterior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for Seasonal Precipitation')
axs[1].set_xlabel('Season')
axs[1].set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)')
axs[1].legend(loc='upper left')
axs[1].grid(True)

plt.xticks(seasons_scale, seasons, rotation=45, ha="right")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Create a figure with two rows and two columns of subplots
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(18, 12))

# --- SST & SAT Prior and Posterior ---
# Prior SST & SAT
axes[0, 0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SST_seasonal, label='Prior SST Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SAT_seasonal, label='Prior SAT Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_seasonal - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SST_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SST_seasonal + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SST_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (SST)'
)
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SAT_seasonal - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SAT_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SAT_seasonal + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SAT_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (SAT)'
)
axes[0, 0].set_xticks(seasons_scale)
axes[0, 0].set_xticklabels(seasons)
axes[0, 0].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% CI for Seasonal SST & SAT')
axes[0, 0].set_xlabel('Season')
axes[0, 0].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axes[0, 0].set_ylim(20, 40)
axes[0, 0].legend(loc='upper left')
axes[0, 0].grid(True)

# Posterior SST & SAT
axes[0, 1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SST Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SAT Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (SST)'
)
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (SAT)'
)
axes[0, 1].set_xticks(seasons_scale)
axes[0, 1].set_xticklabels(seasons)
axes[0, 1].set_title('Posterior Mean and 95% CI for Seasonal SST & SAT')
axes[0, 1].set_xlabel('Season')
axes[0, 1].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axes[0, 1].set_ylim(20, 40)
axes[0, 1].legend(loc='upper left')
axes[0, 1].grid(True)

# --- SSS & Precipitation Prior and Posterior (Shared Plot, Twin Axes) ---

# Get y-limits for SSS and precipitation (prior and posterior) to keep them consistent
sss_min = min(np.min(mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal)),
              np.min(mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)))
sss_max = max(np.max(mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal)),
              np.max(mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)))
precip_min = min(np.min(mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_precip_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal)),
                 np.min(mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)))
precip_max = max(np.max(mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_precip_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal)),
                 np.max(mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal)))

# --- Prior SSS & Precipitation ---
ax1 = axes[1, 0]
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
lns1 = ax1.plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T, label='Prior SSS Mean', marker='o', color="green")
ax1.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color="green", alpha=0.2, label='95% CI (SSS)'
)
lns2 = ax2.plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original, label='Prior Precip Mean', marker='o', color="purple")
ax2.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_precip_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_prior_precip_seasonal / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color="purple", alpha=0.2, label='95% CI (Precip)'
)
ax1.set_xticks(seasons_scale)
ax1.set_xticklabels(seasons)
ax1.set_title('Prior Mean and 95% CI for Seasonal SSS & Precipitation')
ax1.set_xlabel('Season')
ax1.set_ylabel('Salinity (PSU)', color="green")
ax2.set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)', color="purple")
ax1.set_ylim(sss_min, sss_max)
ax2.set_ylim(precip_min, precip_max)
lns = lns1 + lns2
labels = [l.get_label() for l in lns]
ax1.legend(lns, labels, loc='upper left')
ax1.grid(True)

# --- Posterior SSS & Precipitation ---
ax1 = axes[1, 1]
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
lns1 = ax1.plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SSS Mean', marker='o', color="green")
ax1.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color="green", alpha=0.2, label='95% CI (SSS)'
)
lns2 = ax2.plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated, label='Posterior Precip Mean', marker='o', color="purple")
ax2.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_seasonal),
    color="purple", alpha=0.2, label='95% CI (Precip)'
)
ax1.set_xticks(seasons_scale)
ax1.set_xticklabels(seasons)
ax1.set_title('Posterior Mean and 95% CI for Seasonal SSS & Precipitation')
ax1.set_xlabel('Season')
ax1.set_ylabel('Salinity (PSU)', color="green")
ax2.set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)', color="purple")
ax1.set_ylim(sss_min, sss_max)
ax2.set_ylim(precip_min, precip_max)
lns = lns1 + lns2
labels = [l.get_label() for l in lns]
ax1.legend(lns, labels, loc='upper left')
ax1.grid(True)

# Add "n = x" labels below each x-tick for each subplot to show the number of model values or updates
# Prior SST & SAT
for i, season in enumerate(seasons):
    axes[0, 0].text(
        seasons_scale[i], axes[0, 0].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5, # adjust location as needed
        f"n = {n_gridcells_seasonal[i] if hasattr(n_gridcells_seasonal, '__getitem__') else n_gridcells_seasonal}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Posterior SST & SAT
for i, season in enumerate(seasons):
    axes[0, 1].text(
        seasons_scale[i], axes[0, 1].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,
        f"n = {int(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47[i]) if hasattr(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47, '__getitem__') else n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Prior SSS & Precipitation
for i, season in enumerate(seasons):
    axes[1, 0].text(
        seasons_scale[i], axes[1, 0].get_ylim()[0] + 0.5,
        f"n = {n_gridcells_seasonal[i] if hasattr(n_gridcells_seasonal, '__getitem__') else n_gridcells_seasonal}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Posterior SSS & Precipitation
for i, season in enumerate(seasons):
    axes[1, 1].text(
        seasons_scale[i], axes[1, 1].get_ylim()[0] + 0.5,
        f"n = {int(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47[i]) if hasattr(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47, '__getitem__') else n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Create a figure with two rows and two columns of subplots
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(18, 12))

# --- SST & SAT Prior and Posterior ---
# Prior SST & SAT
axes[0, 0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SST_seasonal, label='Prior SST Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SAT_seasonal, label='Prior SAT Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_seasonal - 2 * std_prior_SST_seasonal,
    mu_prior_SST_seasonal + 2 * std_prior_SST_seasonal,
    alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SST)'
)
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SAT_seasonal - 2 * std_prior_SAT_seasonal,
    mu_prior_SAT_seasonal + 2 * std_prior_SAT_seasonal,
    alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SAT)'
)
axes[0, 0].set_xticks(seasons_scale)
axes[0, 0].set_xticklabels(seasons)
axes[0, 0].set_title('Prior Mean and +/- 2 standard deviations for Seasonal SST & SAT')
axes[0, 0].set_xlabel('Season')
axes[0, 0].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axes[0, 0].set_ylim(20, 40)
axes[0, 0].legend(loc='upper left')
axes[0, 0].grid(True)

# Posterior SST & SAT
axes[0, 1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SST Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SAT Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T,
    mu_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SST_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T,
    alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SST)'
)
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T,
    mu_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SAT_D47_seasonal_aggregated_T,
    alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SAT)'
)
axes[0, 1].set_xticks(seasons_scale)
axes[0, 1].set_xticklabels(seasons)
axes[0, 1].set_title('Posterior Mean and +/- 2 standard deviations for Seasonal SST & SAT')
axes[0, 1].set_xlabel('Season')
axes[0, 1].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axes[0, 1].set_ylim(20, 40)
axes[0, 1].legend(loc='upper left')
axes[0, 1].grid(True)

# --- SSS & Precipitation Prior and Posterior (Shared Plot, Twin Axes) ---

# Get y-limits for SSS and precipitation (prior and posterior) to keep them consistent
sss_min = min(np.min(mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T - 2 * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T),
              np.min(mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T))
sss_max = max(np.max(mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T + 2 * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T),
              np.max(mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T))
precip_min = min(np.min(mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original - 2 * std_prior_precip_seasonal),
                 np.min(mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated - 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated))))
precip_max = max(np.max(mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original + 2 * std_prior_precip_seasonal),
                 np.max(mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated + 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated))))

# --- Prior SSS & Precipitation ---
ax1 = axes[1, 0]
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
lns1 = ax1.plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T, label='Prior SSS Mean', marker='o', color="green")
fill1 = ax1.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T - 2 * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T,
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T + 2 * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_T,
    color="green", alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SSS)'
)
lns2 = ax2.plot(seasons_scale, mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original, label='Prior Precip Mean', marker='o', color="purple")
fill2 = ax2.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original - 2 * std_prior_precip_seasonal,
    mu_prior_precip_seasonal_original + 2 * std_prior_precip_seasonal,
    color="purple", alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (Precip)'
)
ax1.set_xticks(seasons_scale)
ax1.set_xticklabels(seasons)
ax1.set_title('Prior Mean and +/- 2 standard deviations for Seasonal SSS & Precipitation')
ax1.set_xlabel('Season')
ax1.set_ylabel('Salinity (PSU)', color="green")
ax2.set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)', color="purple")
ax1.set_ylim(sss_min, sss_max)
ax2.set_ylim(precip_min, precip_max)
lns = lns1 + [fill1] + lns2 + [fill2]
labels = [l.get_label() for l in lns1] + [fill1.get_label()] + [l.get_label() for l in lns2] + [fill2.get_label()]
ax1.legend(lns, labels, loc='upper left')
ax1.grid(True)

# --- Posterior SSS & Precipitation ---
ax1 = axes[1, 1]
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
lns1 = ax1.plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SSS Mean', marker='o', color="green")
fill1 = ax1.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T,
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_seasonal_aggregated_T,
    color="green", alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SSS)'
)
lns2 = ax2.plot(seasons_scale, mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated, label='Posterior Precip Mean', marker='o', color="purple")
fill2 = ax2.fill_between(
    seasons_scale,
    mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated - 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated)),
    mu_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated + 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_seasonal_aggregated)),
    color="purple", alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (Precip)'
)
ax1.set_xticks(seasons_scale)
ax1.set_xticklabels(seasons)
ax1.set_title('Posterior Mean and +/- 2 standard deviations for Seasonal SSS & Precipitation')
ax1.set_xlabel('Season')
ax1.set_ylabel('Salinity (PSU)', color="green")
ax2.set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)', color="purple")
ax1.set_ylim(sss_min, sss_max)
ax2.set_ylim(precip_min, precip_max)
lns = lns1 + [fill1] + lns2 + [fill2]
labels = [l.get_label() for l in lns1] + [fill1.get_label()] + [l.get_label() for l in lns2] + [fill2.get_label()]
ax1.legend(lns, labels, loc='upper left')
ax1.grid(True)

# Add "n = x" labels below each x-tick for each subplot to show the number of model values or updates
# Prior SST & SAT
for i, season in enumerate(seasons):
    axes[0, 0].text(
        seasons_scale[i], axes[0, 0].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,  # adjust location as needed
        f"n = {n_gridcells_seasonal[i] if hasattr(n_gridcells_seasonal, '__getitem__') else n_gridcells_seasonal}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Posterior SST & SAT
for i, season in enumerate(seasons):
    axes[0, 1].text(
        seasons_scale[i], axes[0, 1].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,
        f"n = {int(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47[i]) if hasattr(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47, '__getitem__') else n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Prior SSS & Precipitation
for i, season in enumerate(seasons):
    axes[1, 0].text(
        seasons_scale[i], axes[1, 0].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,
        f"n = {n_gridcells_seasonal[i] if hasattr(n_gridcells_seasonal, '__getitem__') else n_gridcells_seasonal}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Posterior SSS & Precipitation
for i, season in enumerate(seasons):
    axes[1, 1].text(
        seasons_scale[i], axes[1, 1].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,
        f"n = {int(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47[i]) if hasattr(n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47, '__getitem__') else n_update_seasonal_aggregated_D47}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Convert prior D47 to temp
mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original, sD47 = cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original, return_covar = True)[0]
cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original, sD47 = cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly_original, return_covar = True)[1]

# Convert prior d18Oc and temperature to d18Ow
mu_prior_d18Ow_monthly_T = mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original - (20.6 - mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T) / 4.34 + 0.27
cov_prior_d18Ow_monthly_T = cov_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original + (1 / 4.34) ** 2 * cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T

# Convert prior d18Ow to SSS
mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T = (mu_prior_d18Ow_monthly_T + 7.89) / 0.23
cov_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T = cov_prior_d18Ow_monthly_T / (0.23 ** 2)

# Convert likelihood D47 to temp
mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly], sD47 = std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly], return_covar = True)[0]
cov_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly], sD47 = std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly], return_covar = True)[1]

# Convert posterior D47 to temp
mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated, sD47 = cov_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated, return_covar = True)[0]
cov_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated, sD47 = cov_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated, return_covar = True)[1]

# Convert posterior d18Oc and temperature to d18Ow
mu_post_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T = mu_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated - (20.6 - mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T) / 4.34 + 0.27
cov_post_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T = cov_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated + (1 / 4.34) ** 2 * cov_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T

# Convert posterior d18Ow to SSS
mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T = (mu_post_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T + 7.89) / 0.23
cov_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T = cov_post_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T / (0.23 ** 2)

# Plot in temperature domain
std_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T))
std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T))
std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T))
std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T))
std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T = np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T))

# Initiate plot
fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(10, 12), sharex=True)

# FIRST PANEL: SST Results
# PRIOR
axs[0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
axs[0].fill_between(months_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SST_D47_monthly_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval')

# LIKELIHOOD
axs[0].plot(months_scale, mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Likelihood Mean (clumped data)', color='y', marker='o')
axs[0].fill_between(months_scale,
    mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47) * std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47),
    mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47) * std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47),
    color='y', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval')

# POSTERIOR
axs[0].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
axs[0].fill_between(months_scale,
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)')

# Layout for SST panel
axs[0].set_title('monthly Sea Surface Temperatures (SST)')
axs[0].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axs[0].legend(loc='upper left')
axs[0].grid(True)

# SECOND PANEL: SSS Results
# PRIOR
axs[1].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
axs[1].fill_between(months_scale,
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval')

# POSTERIOR
axs[1].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
axs[1].fill_between(months_scale,
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)')

# Layout for SSS panel
axs[1].set_title('monthly Sea Surface Salinity (SSS)')
axs[1].set_xlabel('Month')
axs[1].set_ylabel('Salinity (PSU)')
axs[1].legend(loc='upper left')
axs[1].grid(True)

# Shared x-axis labels
plt.xticks(months_scale, month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Convert posterior D47 to temp
mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated, sD47 = cov_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated, return_covar = True)[0]
cov_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T = D47c.OGLS23.T47(D47 = mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated, sD47 = cov_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated, return_covar = True)[1]

# Convert posterior SAT-D47 back to temperature
std_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T = np.nan_to_num(np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T)))

fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 1, figsize=(10, 12), sharex=True)

# --- SAT prior and posterior ---
# PRIOR
axs[0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SAT_monthly_original, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
axs[0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SAT_monthly_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SAT_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_SAT_monthly_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SAT_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval'
)

# POSTERIOR
axs[0].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
axs[0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * std_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * std_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)'
)

axs[0].set_title('Posterior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for monthly Surface Air Temperatures\n(Based on monthly averages per specimen)')
axs[0].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axs[0].set_ylim(20, 40)
axs[0].legend(loc='upper left')
axs[0].grid(True)

# --- Precipitation prior and posterior ---
# PRIOR
axs[1].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_precip_monthly_original, label='Prior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models)', color='b', marker='o')
axs[1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_precip_monthly_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_precip_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_precip_monthly_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_precip_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval'
)

# POSTERIOR
axs[1].plot(months_scale, mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated, label='Posterior Mean (IPCC_Atlas models + clumped data)', color='r', marker='o')
axs[1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, (n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (Posterior)'
)

axs[1].set_title('Posterior Mean and 95% Confidence Interval for monthly Precipitation')
axs[1].set_xlabel('Month')
axs[1].set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)')
axs[1].legend(loc='upper left')
axs[1].grid(True)

plt.xticks(months_scale, month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Create a figure with two rows and two columns of subplots
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(18, 12))

# --- SST & SAT Prior and Posterior ---
# Prior SST & SAT
axes[0, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SST_monthly, label='Prior SST Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SAT_monthly, label='Prior SAT Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_monthly - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SST_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_SST_monthly + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SST_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (SST)'
)
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SAT_monthly - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SAT_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_SAT_monthly + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SAT_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (SAT)'
)
axes[0, 0].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[0, 0].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[0, 0].set_title('Prior Mean and 95% CI for monthly SST & SAT')
axes[0, 0].set_xlabel('Month')
axes[0, 0].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axes[0, 0].set_ylim(20, 40)
axes[0, 0].legend(loc='upper left')
axes[0, 0].grid(True)

# Posterior SST & SAT
axes[0, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SST Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SAT Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (SST)'
)
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * std_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * std_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    alpha=0.2, label='95% Confidence Interval (SAT)'
)
axes[0, 1].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[0, 1].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[0, 1].set_title('Posterior Mean and 95% CI for monthly SST & SAT')
axes[0, 1].set_xlabel('Month')
axes[0, 1].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axes[0, 1].set_ylim(20, 40)
axes[0, 1].legend(loc='upper left')
axes[0, 1].grid(True)

# --- SSS & Precipitation Prior and Posterior (Shared Plot, Twin Axes) ---

# Get y-limits for SSS and precipitation (prior and posterior) to keep them consistent
sss_min = min(np.min(mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly)),
              np.min(mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)))
sss_max = max(np.max(mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly)),
              np.max(mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)))
precip_min = min(np.min(mu_prior_precip_monthly_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_precip_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly)),
                 np.min(mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)))
precip_max = max(np.max(mu_prior_precip_monthly_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_precip_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly)),
                 np.max(mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly)))

# --- Prior SSS & Precipitation ---
ax1 = axes[1, 0]
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
lns1 = ax1.plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T, label='Prior SSS Mean', marker='o', color="green")
fill1 = ax1.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    color="green", alpha=0.2, label='95% CI (SSS)'
)
lns2 = ax2.plot(months_scale, mu_prior_precip_monthly_original, label='Prior Precip Mean', marker='o', color="purple")
fill2 = ax2.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_precip_monthly_original - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_precip_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_prior_precip_monthly_original + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_gridcells_monthly) * std_prior_precip_monthly / np.sqrt(n_gridcells_monthly),
    color="purple", alpha=0.2, label='95% CI (Precip)'
)
ax1.set_xticks(months_scale)
ax1.set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
ax1.set_title('Prior Mean and 95% CI for monthly SSS & Precipitation')
ax1.set_xlabel('Month')
ax1.set_ylabel('Salinity (PSU)', color="green")
ax2.set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)', color="purple")
ax1.set_ylim(sss_min, sss_max)
ax2.set_ylim(precip_min, precip_max)
lns = lns1 + [fill1] + lns2 + [fill2]
labels = [l.get_label() for l in lns1] + [fill1.get_label()] + [l.get_label() for l in lns2] + [fill2.get_label()]
ax1.legend(lns, labels, loc='upper left')
ax1.grid(True)

# --- Posterior SSS & Precipitation ---
ax1 = axes[1, 1]
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
lns1 = ax1.plot(months_scale, mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SSS Mean', marker='o', color="green")
fill1 = ax1.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    color="green", alpha=0.2, label='95% CI (SSS)'
)
lns2 = ax2.plot(months_scale, mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated, label='Posterior Precip Mean', marker='o', color="purple")
fill2 = ax2.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated - stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated + stats.t.ppf(1 - 0.025, n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly) * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)) / np.sqrt(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47 + n_gridcells_monthly),
    color="purple", alpha=0.2, label='95% CI (Precip)'
)
ax1.set_xticks(months_scale)
ax1.set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
ax1.set_title('Posterior Mean and 95% CI for monthly SSS & Precipitation')
ax1.set_xlabel('Month')
ax1.set_ylabel('Salinity (PSU)', color="green")
ax2.set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)', color="purple")
ax1.set_ylim(sss_min, sss_max)
ax2.set_ylim(precip_min, precip_max)
lns = lns1 + [fill1] + lns2 + [fill2]
labels = [l.get_label() for l in lns1] + [fill1.get_label()] + [l.get_label() for l in lns2] + [fill2.get_label()]
ax1.legend(lns, labels, loc='upper left')
ax1.grid(True)

# Add "n = x" labels below each x-tick for each subplot to show the number of model values or updates
# Prior SST & SAT
for i, month in enumerate(month_names):
    axes[0, 0].text(
        months_scale[i], axes[0, 0].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,  # adjust location as needed
        f"n = {n_gridcells_monthly[i] if hasattr(n_gridcells_monthly, '__getitem__') else n_gridcells_monthly}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Posterior SST & SAT
for i, month in enumerate(month_names):
    axes[0, 1].text(
        months_scale[i], axes[0, 1].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,
        f"n = {int(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47[i]) if hasattr(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47, '__getitem__') else n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Prior SSS & Precipitation
for i, month in enumerate(month_names):
    axes[1, 0].text(
        months_scale[i], axes[1, 0].get_ylim()[0] + 0.5,
        f"n = {n_gridcells_monthly[i] if hasattr(n_gridcells_monthly, '__getitem__') else n_gridcells_monthly}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Posterior SSS & Precipitation
for i, month in enumerate(month_names):
    axes[1, 1].text(
        months_scale[i], axes[1, 1].get_ylim()[0] + 0.5,
        f"n = {int(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47[i]) if hasattr(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47, '__getitem__') else n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Create a figure with two rows and two columns of subplots
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(18, 12))

# --- SST & SAT Prior and Posterior ---
# Prior SST & SAT
axes[0, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SST_monthly, label='Prior SST Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SAT_monthly, label='Prior SAT Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_monthly - 2 * std_prior_SST_monthly,
    mu_prior_SST_monthly + 2 * std_prior_SST_monthly,
    alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SST)'
)
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SAT_monthly - 2 * std_prior_SAT_monthly,
    mu_prior_SAT_monthly + 2 * std_prior_SAT_monthly,
    alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SAT)'
)
axes[0, 0].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[0, 0].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[0, 0].set_title('Prior Mean and +/- 2 standard deviations for monthly SST & SAT')
axes[0, 0].set_xlabel('Month')
axes[0, 0].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axes[0, 0].set_ylim(20, 40)
axes[0, 0].legend(loc='upper left')
axes[0, 0].grid(True)

# Posterior SST & SAT
axes[0, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SST Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SAT Mean', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T,
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T,
    alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SST)'
)
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T,
    mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T,
    alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SAT)'
)
axes[0, 1].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[0, 1].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[0, 1].set_title('Posterior Mean and +/- 2 standard deviations for monthly SST & SAT')
axes[0, 1].set_xlabel('Month')
axes[0, 1].set_ylabel('Temperature (°C)')
axes[0, 1].set_ylim(20, 40)
axes[0, 1].legend(loc='upper left')
axes[0, 1].grid(True)

# --- SSS & Precipitation Prior and Posterior (Shared Plot, Twin Axes) ---

# Get y-limits for SSS and precipitation (prior and posterior) to keep them consistent
sss_min = min(np.min(mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T - 2 * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T),
              np.min(mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T))
sss_max = max(np.max(mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T + 2 * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T),
              np.max(mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T))
precip_min = min(np.min(mu_prior_precip_monthly_original - 2 * std_prior_precip_monthly),
                 np.min(mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated - 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated))))
precip_max = max(np.max(mu_prior_precip_monthly_original + 2 * std_prior_precip_monthly),
                 np.max(mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated + 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated))))

# --- Prior SSS & Precipitation ---
ax1 = axes[1, 0]
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
lns1 = ax1.plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T, label='Prior SSS Mean', marker='o', color="green")
fill1 = ax1.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T - 2 * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T,
    mu_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T + 2 * std_prior_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_T,
    color="green", alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SSS)'
)
lns2 = ax2.plot(months_scale, mu_prior_precip_monthly_original, label='Prior Precip Mean', marker='o', color="purple")
fill2 = ax2.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_precip_monthly_original - 2 * std_prior_precip_monthly,
    mu_prior_precip_monthly_original + 2 * std_prior_precip_monthly,
    color="purple", alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (Precip)'
)
ax1.set_xticks(months_scale)
ax1.set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
ax1.set_title('Prior Mean and +/- 2 standard deviations for monthly SSS & Precipitation')
ax1.set_xlabel('Month')
ax1.set_ylabel('Salinity (PSU)', color="green")
ax2.set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)', color="purple")
ax1.set_ylim(sss_min, sss_max)
ax2.set_ylim(precip_min, precip_max)
lns = lns1 + [fill1] + lns2 + [fill2]
labels = [l.get_label() for l in lns1] + [fill1.get_label()] + [l.get_label() for l in lns2] + [fill2.get_label()]
ax1.legend(lns, labels, loc='upper left')
ax1.grid(True)

# --- Posterior SSS & Precipitation ---
ax1 = axes[1, 1]
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
lns1 = ax1.plot(months_scale, mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SSS Mean', marker='o', color="green")
fill1 = ax1.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T,
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T,
    color="green", alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (SSS)'
)
lns2 = ax2.plot(months_scale, mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated, label='Posterior Precip Mean', marker='o', color="purple")
fill2 = ax2.fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated - 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)),
    mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated + 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)),
    color="purple", alpha=0.2, label='+/- 2 standard deviations (Precip)'
)
ax1.set_xticks(months_scale)
ax1.set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
ax1.set_title('Posterior Mean and +/- 2 standard deviations for monthly SSS & Precipitation')
ax1.set_xlabel('Month')
ax1.set_ylabel('Salinity (PSU)', color="green")
ax2.set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)', color="purple")
ax1.set_ylim(sss_min, sss_max)
ax2.set_ylim(precip_min, precip_max)
lns = lns1 + [fill1] + lns2 + [fill2]
labels = [l.get_label() for l in lns1] + [fill1.get_label()] + [l.get_label() for l in lns2] + [fill2.get_label()]
ax1.legend(lns, labels, loc='upper left')
ax1.grid(True)

# Add "n = x" labels below each x-tick for each subplot to show the number of model values or updates
# Prior SST & SAT
for i, month in enumerate(month_names):
    axes[0, 0].text(
        months_scale[i], axes[0, 0].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,  # adjust location as needed
        f"n = {n_gridcells_monthly[i] if hasattr(n_gridcells_monthly, '__getitem__') else n_gridcells_monthly}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Posterior SST & SAT
for i, month in enumerate(month_names):
    axes[0, 1].text(
        months_scale[i], axes[0, 1].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,
        f"n = {int(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47[i]) if hasattr(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47, '__getitem__') else n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Prior SSS & Precipitation
for i, month in enumerate(month_names):
    axes[1, 0].text(
        months_scale[i], axes[1, 0].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,
        f"n = {n_gridcells_monthly[i] if hasattr(n_gridcells_monthly, '__getitem__') else n_gridcells_monthly}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

# Posterior SSS & Precipitation
for i, month in enumerate(month_names):
    axes[1, 1].text(
        months_scale[i], axes[1, 1].get_ylim()[0] + 1.5,
        f"n = {int(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47[i]) if hasattr(n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47, '__getitem__') else n_update_monthly_aggregated_D47}",
        ha='center', va='top', fontsize=10
    )

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

sst_measurement_df = pd.read_csv("Modern case/measurement data/isla_senoritasst3_5_summary.csv")
sst_measurement_df.head()

# Calculate mean and std for each month across all years (skip 'Year' column)
mu_measurement_SST_monthly = sst_measurement_df.loc[:, sst_measurement_df.columns != 'Year'].mean(axis=0, skipna=True).values
std_measurement_SST_monthly = sst_measurement_df.loc[:, sst_measurement_df.columns != 'Year'].std(axis=0, skipna=True).values
print(mu_measurement_SST_monthly)
print(std_measurement_SST_monthly)

[26.05397715 22.93767813 22.17705242 25.16571014 27.72303465 28.34105633
 28.21574736 28.1912413  28.23161188 27.94042177 27.66587677 27.19749893]
[0.85420343 1.0662528  2.00874825 1.49485497 0.61468902 0.33940817
 0.30035706 0.29329485 0.28079002 0.33481732 0.46196816 0.73687447]

mu_measurement_SSS_monthly = mu_prior_SSS_monthly_original.copy()
std_measurement_SSS_monthly = std_prior_SSS_monthly.copy()
mu_measurement_SSS_seasonal = mu_prior_SSS_seasonal_original.copy()
std_measurement_SSS_seasonal = std_prior_SSS_seasonal.copy()

sat_measurement_df = pd.read_csv("Modern case/measurement data/culebra_SAT_summary.csv")
sat_measurement_df.head()

# Calculate mean and std for each month across all years (skip 'Year' column)
mu_measurement_SAT_monthly = sat_measurement_df.loc[:, sat_measurement_df.columns != 'Year'].mean(axis=0, skipna=True).values
std_measurement_SAT_monthly = sat_measurement_df.loc[:, sat_measurement_df.columns != 'Year'].std(axis=0, skipna=True).values
print(mu_measurement_SAT_monthly)
print(std_measurement_SAT_monthly)

[27.21333333 27.09333333 27.16       27.4        27.65333333 27.44666667
 27.30666667 27.24666667 27.22666667 27.03333333 26.64666667 27.09333333]
[0.54754865 0.46053799 0.52345009 0.4840307  0.35429339 0.44859569
 0.47429145 0.34819261 0.36735865 0.41518785 0.55660536 0.81544612]

precip_measurement_df = pd.read_csv("Modern case/measurement data/culebra_precip_summary.csv")
# Convert from mm/month to mm/day by dividing by the number of days per month
days_per_month = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
for i, col in enumerate(month_abbr):
    precip_measurement_df[col] = precip_measurement_df[col] / days_per_month[i]
precip_measurement_df.head()

# Calculate mean and std for each month across all years (skip 'Year' column)
mu_measurement_precip_monthly = precip_measurement_df.loc[:, precip_measurement_df.columns != 'Year'].mean(axis=0, skipna=True).values
std_measurement_precip_monthly = precip_measurement_df.loc[:, precip_measurement_df.columns != 'Year'].std(axis=0, skipna=True).values
print(mu_measurement_precip_monthly)
print(std_measurement_precip_monthly)

[0.83193548 0.24839286 0.67225806 1.649      5.48822581 6.66116667
 5.12903226 5.50230415 6.34936508 6.50076805 7.35904762 3.10875576]
[1.10390764 0.40655457 0.63890035 1.18891228 2.18837908 2.38718687
 2.5753094  2.89484492 2.61863124 1.68515274 2.42597887 1.91788101]

fig, axes = plt.subplots(3, 2, figsize=(18, 18))

# Panel 1: SST
# Plot prior mean and ±2 SD
axes[0, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SST_monthly_original, label='Prior SST Mean', color='g', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_monthly_original - 2 * std_prior_SST_monthly,
    mu_prior_SST_monthly_original + 2 * std_prior_SST_monthly,
    color='g', alpha=0.15, label='Prior ±2 SD'
)
# Plot likelihood mean and ±2 SD
axes[0, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Likelihood SST Mean', color='y', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T - 2 * std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T,
    mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T + 2 * std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated_T,
    color='y', alpha=0.15, label='Likelihood ±2 SD'
)
# Plot posterior mean and ±2 SD
axes[0, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SST Mean', color='r', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T,
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated_T,
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='Posterior ±2 SD'
)
# Plot measurement mean and ±2 SD
axes[0, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_measurement_SST_monthly, label='Measurement SST Mean', color='b', marker='o')
axes[0, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_measurement_SST_monthly - 2 * std_measurement_SST_monthly,
    mu_measurement_SST_monthly + 2 * std_measurement_SST_monthly,
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='Measurement ±2 SD'
)
axes[0, 0].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[0, 0].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[0, 0].set_ylabel('SST (°C)')
axes[0, 0].set_title('Monthly SST: Posterior vs Measurement')
axes[0, 0].legend()
axes[0, 0].grid(True)

# Panel 2: SAT
# Plot prior mean and ±2 SD for SAT
axes[0, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SAT_monthly, label='Prior SAT Mean', color='g', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SAT_monthly - 2 * std_prior_SAT_monthly,
    mu_prior_SAT_monthly + 2 * std_prior_SAT_monthly,
    color='g', alpha=0.15, label='Prior ±2 SD'
)
# Plot posterior mean and ±2 SD
axes[0, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SAT Mean', color='r', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T,
    mu_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SAT_D47_monthly_aggregated_T,
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='Posterior ±2 SD'
)
# Plot measurement mean and ±2 SD
axes[0, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_measurement_SAT_monthly, label='Measurement SAT Mean', color='b', marker='o')
axes[0, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_measurement_SAT_monthly - 2 * std_measurement_SAT_monthly,
    mu_measurement_SAT_monthly + 2 * std_measurement_SAT_monthly,
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='Measurement ±2 SD'
)
axes[0, 1].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[0, 1].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[0, 1].set_ylabel('SAT (°C)')
axes[0, 1].set_title('Monthly SAT: Posterior vs Measurement')
axes[0, 1].legend()
axes[0, 1].grid(True)

# Panel 3: SSS
# Plot prior mean and ±2 SD for SAT
axes[1, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SSS_monthly, label='Prior SSS Mean', color='g', marker='o')
axes[1, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SSS_monthly - 2 * std_prior_SSS_monthly,
    mu_prior_SSS_monthly + 2 * std_prior_SSS_monthly,
    color='g', alpha=0.15, label='Prior ±2 SD'
)
# Plot posterior mean and ±2 SD
axes[1, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T, label='Posterior SSS Mean', color='r', marker='o')
axes[1, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T - 2 * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T,
    mu_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T + 2 * std_post_SSS_d18Ow_monthly_aggregated_T,
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='Posterior ±2 SD'
)
# Plot measurement mean and ±2 SD
axes[1, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_measurement_SSS_monthly, label='Measurement SSS Mean (= prior)', color='b', marker='o')
axes[1, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_measurement_SSS_monthly - 2 * std_measurement_SSS_monthly,
    mu_measurement_SSS_monthly + 2 * std_measurement_SSS_monthly,
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='Measurement ±2 SD'
)
axes[1, 0].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[1, 0].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[1, 0].set_ylabel('SSS (PSU)')
axes[1, 0].set_title('Monthly SSS: Posterior vs Measurement')
axes[1, 0].legend()
axes[1, 0].grid(True)

# Panel 4: Precipitation
# Plot prior mean and ±2 SD for SAT
axes[1, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_precip_monthly, label='Prior precipitation Mean', color='g', marker='o')
axes[1, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_precip_monthly - 2 * std_prior_precip_monthly,
    mu_prior_precip_monthly + 2 * std_prior_precip_monthly,
    color='g', alpha=0.15, label='Prior ±2 SD'
)
# Plot posterior mean and ±2 SD
axes[1, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated, label='Posterior precipitation Mean', color='r', marker='o')
axes[1, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated - 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)),
    mu_post_precip_monthly_aggregated + 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_precip_monthly_aggregated)),
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='Posterior ±2 SD'
)
# Plot measurement mean and ±2 SD
axes[1, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_measurement_precip_monthly, label='Measurement precipitation Mean', color='b', marker='o')
axes[1, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_measurement_precip_monthly - 2 * std_measurement_precip_monthly,
    mu_measurement_precip_monthly + 2 * std_measurement_precip_monthly,
    color='b', alpha=0.2, label='Measurement ±2 SD'
)
axes[1, 1].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[1, 1].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[1, 1].set_ylabel('Precipitation (mm/day)')
axes[1, 1].set_title('Monthly Precipitation: Posterior vs Measurement')
axes[1, 1].legend()
axes[1, 1].grid(True)

# Panel 5: D47 values linked to SST
# Plot prior mean and ±2 SD for D47 values linked to SST
axes[2, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly, label='Prior D47 SST Mean', color='g', marker='o')
axes[2, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly - 2 * std_prior_SST_D47_monthly,
    mu_prior_SST_D47_monthly + 2 * std_prior_SST_D47_monthly,
    color='g', alpha=0.15, label='Prior D47 SST ±2 SD'
)
# Plot likelihood mean and ±2 SD for D47 values linked to SST
axes[2, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly], label='Likelihood D47 SST Mean', color='y', marker='o')
axes[2, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly] - 2 * std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly],
    mu_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly] + 2 * std_likelihood_monthly_aggregated[var_start_D47_monthly:var_end_D47_monthly],
    color='y', alpha=0.15, label='Likelihood D47 SST ±2 SD'
)
# Plot posterior mean and ±2 SD for D47 values linked to SST
axes[2, 0].plot(months_scale, mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated, label='Posterior D47 SST Mean', color='r', marker='o')
axes[2, 0].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated - 2 * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated,
    mu_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated + 2 * std_post_SST_D47_monthly_aggregated,
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='Posterior D47 SST ±2 SD'
)
axes[2, 0].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[2, 0].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[2, 0].set_ylabel('D47 (‰ I-CDES)')
axes[2, 0].set_title('D47 Values Linked to SST: Prior, Likelihood, and Posterior')
axes[2, 0].legend()
axes[2, 0].grid(True)

# Panel 6: d18O values linked to SSS
# Plot prior mean and ±2 SD for d18O values linked to SSS
axes[2, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original, label='Prior d18O SSS Mean', color='g', marker='o')
axes[2, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original - 2 * std_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original,
    mu_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original + 2 * std_prior_d18Oc_monthly_original,
    color='g', alpha=0.15, label='Prior d18O SSS ±2 SD'
)
# Plot posterior mean and ±2 SD for d18O values linked to SSS
axes[2, 1].plot(months_scale, mu_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated, label='Posterior d18O SSS Mean', color='r', marker='o')
axes[2, 1].fill_between(
    months_scale,
    mu_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated - 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated)),
    mu_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated + 2 * np.sqrt(np.diag(cov_post_d18Oc_monthly_aggregated)),
    color='r', alpha=0.2, label='Posterior d18O SSS ±2 SD'
)
axes[2, 1].set_xticks(months_scale)
axes[2, 1].set_xticklabels(month_names, rotation=45, ha="right")
axes[2, 1].set_ylabel('d18O (‰ V-SMOW)')
axes[2, 1].set_title('d18O Values Linked to SSS: Prior, Likelihood, and Posterior')
axes[2, 1].legend()
axes[2, 1].grid(True)

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

month	lat	lon	ar	ag	dc	fb	ja	jl	jn	mr	my	nv	ot	sp
0	7.5	-81.5	27.870666	28.807864	28.234173	27.020926	27.569698	28.706740	28.716516	27.074181	28.717969	28.279754	28.346880	28.698233
1	7.5	-80.5	26.808416	27.472491	28.242612	26.442010	27.180057	27.630609	27.446476	26.412426	27.232879	28.372525	27.958568	27.736655
2	7.5	-79.5	26.814397	28.957019	28.453653	26.170235	27.295458	28.806538	28.734703	26.018813	28.156229	28.510441	28.605194	28.915533
3	7.5	-78.5	26.891758	29.054418	28.537700	26.116582	27.303514	28.938615	28.816935	26.014780	28.164300	28.650586	28.788851	29.053953
4	7.5	-77.5	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN	NaN

month	lat	lon	ar	ag	dc	fb	ja	jl	jn	mr	my	nv	ot	sp
0	7.5	-81.5	27.583176	26.552208	26.558420	26.835735	26.682741	26.458174	26.592540	27.186361	27.313580	26.218864	26.229807	26.476027
1	7.5	-80.5	27.275017	26.536266	26.511211	26.583742	26.550386	26.459099	26.570900	26.928097	27.066269	26.204203	26.266203	26.487984
2	7.5	-79.5	27.001470	26.600628	26.552113	26.399340	26.497887	26.529715	26.607323	26.664957	26.917267	26.256363	26.311296	26.543280
3	7.5	-78.5	26.625885	26.183826	26.066435	26.162770	26.128641	26.111752	26.153196	26.438007	26.403248	25.779915	25.811575	26.081343
4	7.5	-77.5	26.058582	25.183080	24.992147	25.759280	25.274055	25.143060	25.183006	26.192318	25.495410	24.729294	24.765930	25.051905

month	lat	lon	ag	ar	dc	fb	ja	jl	jn	mr	my	nv	ot	sp
0	7.0	-81.5	31.136181	33.602102	29.170102	32.022884	30.418702	31.581640	32.324151	33.077173	33.040741	29.530418	30.622286	30.665430
1	7.0	-80.0	30.547831	33.757785	29.370818	33.184081	31.357592	30.910315	31.892236	33.637193	33.068963	29.336099	29.891578	29.889138
2	7.0	-79.5	30.542582	33.867599	29.344715	33.139511	31.427747	31.004266	31.869194	33.656158	33.013782	29.361235	29.827726	30.019896
3	7.0	-79.0	30.390912	33.637158	29.144642	32.730496	31.008538	31.002376	31.710107	33.398851	32.775925	29.262633	29.721688	29.765914
4	7.0	-78.5	30.493174	33.578397	29.022538	32.151029	30.534165	31.075004	31.585485	33.202158	32.854144	29.120639	29.612904	29.680376

month	lat	lon	ar	ag	dc	fb	ja	jl	jn	mr	my	nv	ot	sp
0	7.5	-81.5	1.689385	12.423080	2.590541	0.387124	0.582265	12.162777	11.670250	0.545877	6.474045	7.746123	11.768444	12.815062
1	7.5	-80.5	1.779216	12.493553	2.881293	0.449284	0.714600	12.262433	11.679930	0.586808	6.634595	7.909942	11.458197	12.675345
2	7.5	-79.5	2.001780	12.659093	3.562033	0.458198	0.814399	12.203677	11.351872	0.630577	7.039908	9.019142	12.075278	12.758909
3	7.5	-78.5	2.500152	13.219075	4.115735	0.685854	1.062848	12.568253	11.503000	0.875989	7.622621	9.605698	12.277294	13.266212
4	7.5	-77.5	3.386591	13.334969	4.033405	0.920459	1.207844	12.501793	11.494451	1.238471	8.514819	9.458278	12.520760	13.403852

INTRO¶

Notebook for applying Data Assimilation on modern data (Based on Caldarescu et al., 2021 data from Gulf of Panama)¶

Assemble data in the proxy domain using offline (block update) assimilation instead of point-by-point¶

Assemble data in SST (D47), SAT (D47), SSS (d18Oc) and precipitation domain (SSS data as measurements, not modelled)¶

Load packages¶

PRIOR - MONTHLY¶

Load monthly SST model data¶

Load monthly SAT model data¶

Load satellite SSS data¶

Load monthly precipitation data¶

Combine SST, SAT, SSS and precipitation data by lat and lon¶

Calculate the monthly prior for model SST, SAT, SSS and precipitation values¶

Plot the monthly priors for all model values¶

Convert SST and SAT model data to D47 domain using the regression by Daëron and Vermeesch (2023) and propagate uncertainty in the calibration¶

Estimate seawater oxygen isotope value from salinity based on modern Gulf of Panama d18Ow-salinity relationship by Graniero et al. (2017; rainy season)¶

Calculate carbonate oxygen isotope value from SST and seawater oxygen isotope data using Grossman and Ku (1986) with the VPDB-VSMOW scale correction by Gonfiantini et al. (1995) and Dettman et al. (1999)¶

Calculate the monthly prior for model SST- and SAT-derived D47 values and SSS-derived seawater oxygen isotope values with propagated uncertainty¶

Plot the monthly prior for model SST- and SAT-derived D47 values, model SSS-derived carbonate d18O values and precipitation with propagated uncertainty¶

Calculate the monthly covariance matrix for D47 values of SST and SAT, d18Oc and precipitation¶

Plot normalized monthly covariance matrix between D47 values of SST and SAT, d18Oc and precipitation¶

Create combined monthly state vector in D47 and d18Oc domain¶

PRIOR - SEASONAL¶

Seasonal model data (convert the IPCC_Atlas data to seasonal means)¶

Calculate the seasonal prior for model SST, SAT, SSS and precipitation with propagated uncertainty¶

Plot the seasonal prior for model SST, SAT, SSS and measured precipitation¶

Calculate the seasonal prior for model SST and SAT-derived D47 values with propagated uncertainty¶

Plot the seasonal prior for model SST- and SAT-derived D47 values, d18Oc values and precipitation with propagated uncertainty¶

Calculate the seasonal covariance matrix for D47 values derived from SST and SAT values, d18Oc and precipitation¶

Plot normalized seasonal covariance matrix between D47 values of SST and SAT, d18Oc and precipitation¶

Create combined seasonal state vector¶

OBSERVATIONS¶

Load clumped data for updating¶

Monthly and seasonal data based on age model¶

Prepare measurement and observation matrices¶

Observations on seasonal scale¶

Measurement matrix for seasonally aggregated D47 values¶

Observation matrix for seasonally aggregated D47 data¶

Observations on monthly scale¶

Measurement matrix for monthly aggregated D47 values¶

Observation matrix for monthly aggregated D47 data¶

DEFINE UPDATING FUNCTIONS¶

Create updating function (Kalman filter)¶

Create function to track the statistics of the likelihood (combining just the reconstruction data)¶

EXECUTE UPDATING FUNCTIONS - SEASONAL¶

Update seasonal prior with data preaggregated per season¶

Plot seasonal posterior in D47 and d18O domain based on aggregated data¶

EXECUTE UPDATING FUNCTIONS - MONTHLY¶

Update monthly prior with data (preaggregated data per month)¶

Plot monthly posterior without sclero-dating uncertainty in D47 domain¶

POSTERIOR - SEASONAL¶

Seasonal posterior in temperature and salinity domains with aggregated data¶

Convert seasonal prior, likelihood and posterior to temperature and salinity and plot¶

Plot SAT and precipitation prior and posterior¶

Plot SAT, SST, SSS and precipitation posterior¶

Plot SAT, SST, SSS and precipitation posterior with uncertainties as 2 SD¶

POSTERIOR - MONTHLY¶

Monthly posterior in temperature and salinity domains with aggregated data¶

Convert monthly prior, likelihood and posterior to temperature and salinity and plot¶

Plot SAT and precipitation prior and posterior¶

Plot SAT, SST, SSS and precipitation posterior¶

Plot SAT, SST, SSS and precipitation posterior with SDs instead of 95% confidence levels¶

COMPARISON WITH MEASUREMENT DATA¶

Load measurement data on SST, SAT, SSS and precipitation¶

SST measurement data¶

SSS measurement data is equal to the prior (the measurements were used instead of model outcomes)¶

SAT measurement data¶

Precipitation measurement data¶

Plot together with seasonal and monthly posteriors (aggregated)¶